【摘要】：渦旋光束(Vortex Beams)是指光束具有螺旋型的波前,并且光束的中心處的光強分布為零,這一特性也被稱為相位奇點。渦旋光束具有軌道角動量(Orbital Angular Momentum,簡記為OAM),利用軌道角動量可以對信息進(jìn)行編碼,基于這一特性可將其應(yīng)用于自由空間的光學(xué)通信系統(tǒng)。軌道角動量的復(fù)用是一種特殊的空分復(fù)用。由于具有不同拓?fù)潆姾蓴?shù)的OAM模式在空間中具有正交性,且理論上其拓?fù)浜煽扇o窮個,在通信系統(tǒng)中利用OAM光束作為信息載體的研究逐步引起廣泛關(guān)注。目前國內(nèi)外學(xué)者對于渦旋光束的研究逐漸深入,近年來,渦旋光束已經(jīng)在諸多領(lǐng)域發(fā)揮著相當(dāng)重要的作用,例如微粒子的囚禁、捕捉與旋轉(zhuǎn),生物醫(yī)學(xué)以及自由空間中的光學(xué)傳輸系統(tǒng)。本文圍繞著渦旋光束的傳輸特性進(jìn)行了建模以及仿真研究,主要內(nèi)容包括如下幾個方面。(1)簡述了渦旋光束的概念,重點介紹了國內(nèi)外對于渦旋光束的研究歷史,以及研究現(xiàn)狀,對于渦旋光束的應(yīng)用以及存在潛在價值的領(lǐng)域前景作了展望。(2)介紹了研究渦旋光束的理論方法,通過對比研究了整數(shù)階以及分?jǐn)?shù)階單渦旋光束的傳輸特性,并分別模擬出其光強分布。通過仿真顯示整數(shù)階渦旋光束在傳輸過程中能夠保持穩(wěn)定性。(3)在單渦旋光束的基礎(chǔ)上,對多渦旋光束進(jìn)行建模仿真,推導(dǎo)出多渦旋光束的光強分布以及傳輸演變特性。(4)重點研究兩束單渦旋光束共軸疊加形成雙渦旋光束,通過研究雙渦旋光束在傳輸一段距離后的光強分布,利用理論推導(dǎo)出雙渦旋光束的光強分布隨傳輸距離的關(guān)系,通過MATLAB模擬仿真來研究不同拓?fù)浜芍档碾p渦旋光束的光斑特性。固定外環(huán)拓?fù)浜蓴?shù),不斷增大內(nèi)環(huán)拓?fù)浜蓴?shù),研究雙渦旋光束中兩束渦旋光束的光強分布圖的變化。經(jīng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn),隨著傳輸距離的增大,整數(shù)階雙渦旋光束的光強分布依然能夠維持圓對稱分布,相位奇點能夠完整保留,僅僅存在著光斑的擴(kuò)束現(xiàn)象,且疊加后的兩束渦旋光束在傳輸過程中仍然保持著相互獨立傳輸。
[Abstract]:The vortex beam (Vortex Beams) refers to the wave front of the beam with helical shape, and the intensity distribution of the beam at the center of the beam is zero, which is also known as the phase singularity. The vortex beam has orbital angular momentum (Orbital Angular Momentum,) which is abbreviated as OAM), which can encode the information using orbital angular momentum. Based on this property it can be applied to optical communication systems in free space. Orbital angular momentum multiplexing is a special space division multiplexing. Because OAM modes with different topological charge numbers have orthogonality in space and their topological charges are infinite theoretically, the study of using OAM beams as information carriers in communication systems has gradually attracted wide attention. In recent years, vortex beams have played an important role in many fields, such as the trapping, trapping and rotating of microparticles. Biomedical and optical transmission systems in free space. In this paper, the propagation characteristics of vortex beam are modeled and simulated. The main contents are as follows: (1) the concept of vortex beam is briefly introduced, and the research history and present situation of vortex beam at home and abroad are emphatically introduced. The applications of vortex beams and the prospect of potential applications are prospected. (2) the theoretical methods for studying vortex beams are introduced. The propagation characteristics of integer and fractional order single vortex beams are studied by comparison. The light intensity distribution is simulated respectively. The simulation results show that the integer vortex beam can maintain stability in the process of propagation. (3) on the basis of single vortex beam, the multi-vortex beam is modeled and simulated. The light intensity distribution and propagation evolution characteristics of multi-vortex beams are derived. (4) the co-axial superposition of two single-vortex beams to form a double-vortex beam is emphasized, and the intensity distribution of the double-vortex beam after a certain distance is studied. The relationship between intensity distribution and propagation distance of double vortex beam is derived theoretically. The speckle characteristics of double vortex beam with different topologies are studied by MATLAB simulation. The topological charge number of the outer ring is fixed and the topological charge number of the inner ring is increased continuously. The variation of the intensity distribution of the two vortex beams in the double vortex beam is studied. It is found that with the increase of propagation distance, the intensity distribution of integer order double vortex beams can still maintain circular symmetry distribution, the phase singularity can be completely preserved, and there is only the phenomenon of beam expansion. Moreover, the superimposed two vortex beams are still propagating independently.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京郵電大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TN929.1

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