【摘要】：無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)(WSN)技術(shù)憑借其靈活性高、適應(yīng)環(huán)境能力強(qiáng)、檢測區(qū)域范圍廣等優(yōu)勢越來越多地受到國內(nèi)外專家、學(xué)者地廣泛關(guān)注。從其發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀來看,無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)已經(jīng)遍布我們生產(chǎn)生活的方方面面,尤其成為工業(yè)檢測、監(jiān)測等項目領(lǐng)域中不可或缺的關(guān)鍵性技術(shù)。傳統(tǒng)的無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)是采用統(tǒng)一的外部供電電源,通過布線方式連接到每個傳感器節(jié)點從而實現(xiàn)對各個傳感器的持續(xù)供能。但隨著其應(yīng)用的廣泛性越來越高,在一些復(fù)雜的特殊環(huán)境下,例如在高危的軍事禁區(qū),甚至是充斥著有毒、有害物質(zhì)的場所中,工作人員無法到達(dá),導(dǎo)致傳統(tǒng)的供電方式難以滿足實際需求。系統(tǒng)采用壓力傳感器作為網(wǎng)絡(luò)節(jié)點,通過分別在軟、硬件兩方面實現(xiàn)了節(jié)點“低能耗”設(shè)計,軟件部分采用程序語句優(yōu)化、設(shè)置系統(tǒng)睡眠機(jī)制等方式來實現(xiàn),每個數(shù)據(jù)通信周期內(nèi),只有進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)無線發(fā)送和接受時處理器工作在主動模式下,其余時間設(shè)置為睡眠模式。硬件部分是在保證滿足系統(tǒng)要求的情況下按照低功耗標(biāo)準(zhǔn)進(jìn)行設(shè)備的選型以及外圍電路設(shè)計�；谀芰渴斋@技術(shù)設(shè)計了太陽能發(fā)電和壓電陶瓷發(fā)電兩種能量補(bǔ)充方式以保證供電的穩(wěn)定可靠,解決了無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)在特殊環(huán)境下節(jié)點的能量供應(yīng)問題。本文在廣泛地學(xué)習(xí)、吸收國內(nèi)外相關(guān)理論成果的基礎(chǔ)上結(jié)合自身研究內(nèi)容,提出了新型的能量收獲無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)系統(tǒng)。首先進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)的前端模塊設(shè)計,使其能夠完成對被檢測對象壓力信息的快速、精確數(shù)據(jù)采集;其次,我們選擇了壓電陶瓷作為自主供電模塊設(shè)計的主要材料,實現(xiàn)將機(jī)械振動能高效轉(zhuǎn)換為電能為網(wǎng)絡(luò)節(jié)點進(jìn)行供電;最終將其應(yīng)用于汽車胎壓監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)(TPMS)當(dāng)中,設(shè)計完成了基于無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)節(jié)點的胎壓監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)。該系統(tǒng)在保留原無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)優(yōu)勢的同時加入了自供電電源模塊部分,增強(qiáng)了系統(tǒng)的靈活性和可靠性。
[Abstract]:Wireless sensor network (WSN) technology has been paid more and more attention by domestic and foreign experts and scholars because of its high flexibility, strong ability to adapt to the environment, wide detection area and other advantages. According to its current situation, wireless sensor networks have spread all aspects of our production and life, especially become an indispensable key technology in the field of industrial detection, monitoring and other projects. The traditional wireless sensor network is connected to each sensor node by a unified external power supply, so as to realize the continuous energy supply to each sensor. But as its application becomes more and more widespread, in some complex and special circumstances, such as in high-risk military exclusion zones, or even in places full of toxic and hazardous substances, staff are unable to reach them. As a result, the traditional power supply method is difficult to meet the actual demand. The system adopts the pressure sensor as the network node, realizes the node "low energy consumption" design in the software and hardware, the software part adopts the program statement optimization, sets the system sleep mechanism and so on. During each data communication cycle, the processor works in active mode only when the data is sent and received wirelessly, and the rest of the time is set to sleep mode. The hardware part is to select the equipment and design the peripheral circuit according to the low power standard in order to meet the requirements of the system. Based on the energy harvesting technology, solar power generation and piezoelectric ceramic power generation are designed to ensure the stability and reliability of power supply, and the energy supply problem of wireless sensor network nodes in special environment is solved. In this paper, a new energy harvesting wireless sensor network system is proposed on the basis of extensive study and absorption of related theoretical achievements at home and abroad. First, the front-end module of the system is designed so that it can complete the rapid and accurate data acquisition of the pressure information of the detected object. Secondly, we choose piezoelectric ceramics as the main material for the design of the self-powered power module. The mechanical vibration can be converted into electric energy to power the network node. Finally, it is applied to the vehicle tire pressure monitoring system (TPMS), and the tire pressure monitoring system based on wireless sensor network node is designed. The system not only retains the advantages of the original wireless sensor network technology, but also adds the self-supply power module, which enhances the flexibility and reliability of the system.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北石油大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TN929.5;TP212.9

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本文編號：2195284