【摘要】：無(wú)線(xiàn)傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)(WSN)技術(shù)憑借其靈活性高、適應(yīng)環(huán)境能力強(qiáng)、檢測(cè)區(qū)域范圍廣等優(yōu)勢(shì)越來(lái)越多地受到國(guó)內(nèi)外專(zhuān)家、學(xué)者地廣泛關(guān)注。從其發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀來(lái)看,無(wú)線(xiàn)傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)已經(jīng)遍布我們生產(chǎn)生活的方方面面,尤其成為工業(yè)檢測(cè)、監(jiān)測(cè)等項(xiàng)目領(lǐng)域中不可或缺的關(guān)鍵性技術(shù)。傳統(tǒng)的無(wú)線(xiàn)傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)是采用統(tǒng)一的外部供電電源,通過(guò)布線(xiàn)方式連接到每個(gè)傳感器節(jié)點(diǎn)從而實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)各個(gè)傳感器的持續(xù)供能。但隨著其應(yīng)用的廣泛性越來(lái)越高,在一些復(fù)雜的特殊環(huán)境下,例如在高危的軍事禁區(qū),甚至是充斥著有毒、有害物質(zhì)的場(chǎng)所中,工作人員無(wú)法到達(dá),導(dǎo)致傳統(tǒng)的供電方式難以滿(mǎn)足實(shí)際需求。系統(tǒng)采用壓力傳感器作為網(wǎng)絡(luò)節(jié)點(diǎn),通過(guò)分別在軟、硬件兩方面實(shí)現(xiàn)了節(jié)點(diǎn)“低能耗”設(shè)計(jì),軟件部分采用程序語(yǔ)句優(yōu)化、設(shè)置系統(tǒng)睡眠機(jī)制等方式來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn),每個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)通信周期內(nèi),只有進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)無(wú)線(xiàn)發(fā)送和接受時(shí)處理器工作在主動(dòng)模式下,其余時(shí)間設(shè)置為睡眠模式。硬件部分是在保證滿(mǎn)足系統(tǒng)要求的情況下按照低功耗標(biāo)準(zhǔn)進(jìn)行設(shè)備的選型以及外圍電路設(shè)計(jì)。基于能量收獲技術(shù)設(shè)計(jì)了太陽(yáng)能發(fā)電和壓電陶瓷發(fā)電兩種能量補(bǔ)充方式以保證供電的穩(wěn)定可靠,解決了無(wú)線(xiàn)傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)在特殊環(huán)境下節(jié)點(diǎn)的能量供應(yīng)問(wèn)題。本文在廣泛地學(xué)習(xí)、吸收國(guó)內(nèi)外相關(guān)理論成果的基礎(chǔ)上結(jié)合自身研究?jī)?nèi)容,提出了新型的能量收獲無(wú)線(xiàn)傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)系統(tǒng)。首先進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)的前端模塊設(shè)計(jì),使其能夠完成對(duì)被檢測(cè)對(duì)象壓力信息的快速、精確數(shù)據(jù)采集;其次,我們選擇了壓電陶瓷作為自主供電模塊設(shè)計(jì)的主要材料,實(shí)現(xiàn)將機(jī)械振動(dòng)能高效轉(zhuǎn)換為電能為網(wǎng)絡(luò)節(jié)點(diǎn)進(jìn)行供電;最終將其應(yīng)用于汽車(chē)胎壓監(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng)(TPMS)當(dāng)中,設(shè)計(jì)完成了基于無(wú)線(xiàn)傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)節(jié)點(diǎn)的胎壓監(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng)。該系統(tǒng)在保留原無(wú)線(xiàn)傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)優(yōu)勢(shì)的同時(shí)加入了自供電電源模塊部分,增強(qiáng)了系統(tǒng)的靈活性和可靠性。
[Abstract]:Wireless sensor network (WSN) technology has been paid more and more attention by domestic and foreign experts and scholars because of its high flexibility, strong ability to adapt to the environment, wide detection area and other advantages. According to its current situation, wireless sensor networks have spread all aspects of our production and life, especially become an indispensable key technology in the field of industrial detection, monitoring and other projects. The traditional wireless sensor network is connected to each sensor node by a unified external power supply, so as to realize the continuous energy supply to each sensor. But as its application becomes more and more widespread, in some complex and special circumstances, such as in high-risk military exclusion zones, or even in places full of toxic and hazardous substances, staff are unable to reach them. As a result, the traditional power supply method is difficult to meet the actual demand. The system adopts the pressure sensor as the network node, realizes the node "low energy consumption" design in the software and hardware, the software part adopts the program statement optimization, sets the system sleep mechanism and so on. During each data communication cycle, the processor works in active mode only when the data is sent and received wirelessly, and the rest of the time is set to sleep mode. The hardware part is to select the equipment and design the peripheral circuit according to the low power standard in order to meet the requirements of the system. Based on the energy harvesting technology, solar power generation and piezoelectric ceramic power generation are designed to ensure the stability and reliability of power supply, and the energy supply problem of wireless sensor network nodes in special environment is solved. In this paper, a new energy harvesting wireless sensor network system is proposed on the basis of extensive study and absorption of related theoretical achievements at home and abroad. First, the front-end module of the system is designed so that it can complete the rapid and accurate data acquisition of the pressure information of the detected object. Secondly, we choose piezoelectric ceramics as the main material for the design of the self-powered power module. The mechanical vibration can be converted into electric energy to power the network node. Finally, it is applied to the vehicle tire pressure monitoring system (TPMS), and the tire pressure monitoring system based on wireless sensor network node is designed. The system not only retains the advantages of the original wireless sensor network technology, but also adds the self-supply power module, which enhances the flexibility and reliability of the system.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北石油大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TN929.5;TP212.9

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本文編號(hào)：2195284