【摘要】：相控陣天線技術(shù)自20世紀(jì)60年代誕生以來(lái)就以取代機(jī)械旋轉(zhuǎn)天線的掃描方式可無(wú)慣性地快速追蹤多目標(biāo)等明顯優(yōu)勢(shì)在近幾十年內(nèi)得到了快速發(fā)展。隨著科技革新的不斷深化,新的應(yīng)用需求不斷涌現(xiàn),平面相控陣天線固有的不足日益凸顯。共形相控陣掃描范圍可以達(dá)到3/4球域覆蓋,其單元易共形于物體表面,對(duì)空氣動(dòng)力學(xué)性能的影響小,剖面低、重量輕,提高了載體的空間利用率,因而共形相控陣天線技術(shù)具有更廣闊的應(yīng)用前景。本文針對(duì)性的研究了共形相控陣天線中的球形相控陣天線陣,對(duì)球形相控陣的遠(yuǎn)場(chǎng)計(jì)算方法、布陣、極化相位補(bǔ)償、稀疏展開研究和仿真,并據(jù)此開展天線的設(shè)計(jì)工作,為球形相控陣天線的工程應(yīng)用奠定基礎(chǔ)。具體工作總結(jié)如下:1.研究了共形相控陣天線的基本模型、陣元間的互耦效應(yīng),極化定義,研究了遺傳算法和免疫算法的基本原理、基本流程和優(yōu)缺點(diǎn),對(duì)二者進(jìn)行了分析比較。2.研究了共形相控陣天線方向圖的特殊性。共形相控陣天線的單元方向圖不能作為公因子提出,而局部坐標(biāo)系中的單元方向圖通過(guò)歐拉旋轉(zhuǎn)矩陣的方法變換為全局坐標(biāo)系下的計(jì)算量過(guò)大,本文提出了一種簡(jiǎn)化算法可大幅度減少整個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)換的計(jì)算量,并采用有源單元方向圖法分析陣元間互耦效應(yīng),建立了考慮極化分量的共形相控陣天線遠(yuǎn)場(chǎng)方向圖的計(jì)算模型。3.研究了球形相控陣的布陣形式。本文通過(guò)剖分投影法和加頂截頂法得到平面拼接球體的多種形式,并列舉了多種多面體的具體剖分過(guò)程。4.研究了圓極化球形相控陣天線的非同向極化特性。本文介紹了球形陣地兩種布局形式:極點(diǎn)分布、赤道分布,并分別推導(dǎo)其輻射遠(yuǎn)場(chǎng)的表達(dá)式,提出一種基于掃描角變化的相位補(bǔ)償方法,仿真結(jié)果表明可有效地解決球形相控陣天線非同向極化造成的方向圖惡化的問(wèn)題。5.研究了自適應(yīng)免疫遺傳算法稀疏陣列天線。傳統(tǒng)的遺傳算法存在早熟、退化和收斂速度慢等缺點(diǎn),本文在遺傳算法的基礎(chǔ)上加入了自適應(yīng)交叉變異算子、疫苗接種算子、免疫檢測(cè)算子、免疫平衡算子等功能之后,提出了自適應(yīng)免疫遺傳算法,該算法在個(gè)體更新、維持種群多樣性方面上有很大改進(jìn),算法的收斂于全局最優(yōu)解的速度得到了明顯提高。自適應(yīng)免疫遺傳算法加密稀疏平面陣,保證了在一定波束掃描角度內(nèi)加密稀疏后的天線陣列增益和滿陣相比基本不變。6.研究了多面拼接球形相控陣天線的稀疏問(wèn)題。共形天線陣具有空間加權(quán)的效果,其最大相對(duì)旁瓣電平低,用稀疏算法優(yōu)化旁瓣性能的效果不顯著,利用自適應(yīng)免疫遺傳算法加密稀疏平面子陣,保證了在一定波束掃描角度內(nèi)加密稀疏后的天線陣列增益和滿陣相比基本不變,再將其拼接成球形陣,間接實(shí)現(xiàn)了對(duì)整個(gè)球形陣的稀疏。
[Abstract]:Since the birth of phased array antenna technology in 1960s, the scanning mode of replacing mechanical rotating antenna has been developed rapidly in recent decades. With the deepening of scientific and technological innovation, new applications are constantly emerging, and the inherent deficiencies of planar phased array antennas are becoming increasingly prominent. The scanning range of conformal phased array can reach 3 / 4 sphere domain, and its unit is easily conformal on the surface of object, which has little effect on aerodynamics, low profile, light weight, and improves the space utilization ratio of the carrier. Therefore, conformal phased array antenna technology has a wider application prospect. In this paper, the spherical phased array antenna array in conformal phased array antenna is studied. The far-field calculation method, array layout, polarization phase compensation, sparse development and simulation of spherical phased array antenna are studied, and the design work of the antenna is carried out. It lays a foundation for the engineering application of spherical phased array antenna. The concrete work is summarized as follows: 1. The basic model of conformal phased array antenna, the mutual coupling effect between array elements, the definition of polarization, the basic principle of genetic algorithm and immune algorithm, the basic flow chart and the advantages and disadvantages are studied. The particularity of the pattern of conformal phased array antenna is studied. The element pattern of the conformal phased array antenna can not be presented as a common factor, but the element direction diagram in the local coordinate system is transformed into the global coordinate system by the method of Euler rotation matrix. In this paper, a simplified algorithm is proposed, which can greatly reduce the computation cost of the whole conversion. The mutual coupling effect between array elements is analyzed by using the active element pattern method, and the calculation model of far-field pattern of conformal phased array antenna considering polarization component is established. The configuration of spherical phased array is studied. In this paper, by means of the method of dividing projection and adding top section, we obtain many forms of planar spliced spheres, and enumerate the concrete dissection process of many kinds of polyhedrons .4. The nonconcentric polarization characteristics of circular polarized spherical phased array antenna are studied. In this paper, two layout forms of spherical position: pole distribution and equatorial distribution are introduced. The expressions of their far-field radiation are derived, and a phase compensation method based on the change of scanning angle is proposed. The simulation results show that the problem of pattern deterioration caused by noncoaxial polarization of spherical phased array antenna can be effectively solved. The adaptive immune genetic algorithm (IAGA) sparse array antenna is studied. The traditional genetic algorithm has some disadvantages, such as premature maturity, degradation and slow convergence. In this paper, the adaptive crossover mutation operator, vaccination operator, immune detection operator, immune balance operator and so on are added on the basis of genetic algorithm. An adaptive immune genetic algorithm is proposed in this paper. The algorithm is improved greatly in the aspect of individual updating and population diversity maintenance. The speed of convergence to the global optimal solution of the algorithm is obviously improved. Adaptive immune genetic algorithm is used to encrypt the sparse planar array, which ensures that the gain of the sparse antenna array after encryption at a certain beam scanning angle is almost unchanged compared with the full array. The sparse problem of spherical phased array antenna is studied. Conformal antenna array has the effect of spatial weighting, its maximum relative sidelobe level is low, the effect of optimizing sidelobe performance by sparse algorithm is not remarkable, and the sparse plane subarray is encrypted by adaptive immune genetic algorithm. It ensures that the gain of the antenna array with sparse encryption in a certain beam scanning angle is basically unchanged compared with the full array, and then splicing it into a spherical array, indirectly realizing the sparsity of the whole spherical array.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)航天科技集團(tuán)公司第一研究院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TN821.8

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