【摘要】：集裝箱運輸行業(yè)的日益繁榮極大地促進了各國之間的經(jīng)貿(mào)往來,同時也引發(fā)了貨物失竊、非法人員偷渡、毒品犯罪等一系列問題,為了最大程度的避免這些問題的出現(xiàn),越來越多的專家學者利用衛(wèi)星通信技術(shù)做為主要的數(shù)據(jù)傳輸手段在全供應鏈內(nèi)對集裝箱進行有效監(jiān)控,并研發(fā)出集裝箱衛(wèi)星監(jiān)控終端,但這些終端存在通信盲目性、覆蓋盲區(qū)、衛(wèi)星天線較大、功耗偏高、功能偏少等問題,基于這些問題,本文對ORBCOMM低軌衛(wèi)星通信技術(shù)和SGP4模型應用于集裝箱監(jiān)控領(lǐng)域作了深入研究,本文的主要工作如下:研究了ORBCOMM低軌衛(wèi)星通信系統(tǒng)的整體架構(gòu),闡述了該系統(tǒng)各部分的硬件組成和工作原理,分析了該系統(tǒng)的通信鏈路建立原理、信道選擇機制、通信數(shù)據(jù)類型及數(shù)據(jù)會話流程等。研究了用于預測空間飛行目標位置的SGP4模型,分析了該模型輸入和輸出的內(nèi)容及含義,探討了該模型的工程應用方法,總結(jié)了模型中使用到的兩行元素的具體含義,分析了衛(wèi)星坐標系與WGS-84坐標系之間轉(zhuǎn)換的具體方法,利用三面角相關(guān)定理建立了計算衛(wèi)星方位角和仰角的數(shù)學模型并總結(jié)了在WGS-84坐標系下對方位角進行修正的方法,最后設計了基于SGP4模型的適用于集裝箱低軌衛(wèi)星監(jiān)控終端的衛(wèi)星智能預測算法�？偨Y(jié)了集裝箱不同應用場景的特點,采用超聲波測距技術(shù)設計了低功耗控制邏輯�？偨Y(jié)了集裝箱的特點,完成了集裝箱低軌衛(wèi)星監(jiān)控終端對小型微帶衛(wèi)星天線的集成。利用Altium Designer 14.2軟件實現(xiàn)了硬件設計,利用Keil u Vision 4軟件實現(xiàn)了軟件設計,利用Microsoft Visual Studio 2008軟件實現(xiàn)了衛(wèi)星智能預測算法的設計,并制作了基于SGP4模型的集裝箱低軌衛(wèi)星監(jiān)控終端實物,最后搭建了終端集成的衛(wèi)星智能預測算法測試環(huán)境和終端功能及功耗測試平臺,并且完成了測試內(nèi)容。研究結(jié)果表明:本文設計的集裝箱低軌衛(wèi)星監(jiān)控終端具備在全供應鏈內(nèi)對集裝箱監(jiān)控的能力,也具備太陽能充電、空重載檢測等功能,其集成的衛(wèi)星智能預測算法可以預知ORCOMM低軌衛(wèi)星的到來時刻,預測的誤差在1min以內(nèi),而且其體積較小、功耗較低。
[Abstract]:The growing prosperity of the container transport industry has greatly promoted the economic and trade exchanges between countries, and at the same time has caused a series of problems, such as the theft of goods, illegal immigration, drug crimes, and so on. In order to avoid these problems to the greatest extent possible, More and more experts and scholars use satellite communication technology as the main means of data transmission to monitor containers effectively in the whole supply chain, and develop container satellite monitoring terminals, but these terminals have communication blindness and cover blind areas. The satellite antenna is large, the power consumption is on the high side and the function is on the low side. Based on these problems, the application of ORBCOMM low-orbit satellite communication technology and SGP4 model in container monitoring field is studied deeply in this paper. The main work of this paper is as follows: the whole structure of ORBCOMM Leo satellite communication system is studied, the hardware composition and working principle of each part of the system are expounded, and the communication link establishment principle and channel selection mechanism of the system are analyzed. Communication data type and data session flow. This paper studies the SGP4 model used to predict the position of the space flight target, analyzes the contents and meanings of the input and output of the model, discusses the engineering application method of the model, and summarizes the concrete meaning of the two lines of elements used in the model. This paper analyzes the concrete method of the transformation between satellite coordinate system and WGS-84 coordinate system, establishes the mathematical model of calculating satellite azimuth and elevation angle by using the correlation theorem of trihedral angle, and summarizes the method of modifying azimuth angle in WGS-84 coordinate system. Finally, an intelligent satellite prediction algorithm based on SGP4 model for container Leo satellite monitoring terminal is designed. The characteristics of different application scenarios of container are summarized, and the low power control logic is designed by using ultrasonic ranging technology. The characteristics of the container are summarized, and the integration of the small microstrip satellite antenna with the container Leo satellite monitoring terminal is completed. Using Altium designer 14.2 software to realize hardware design, using Keil u Vision 4 software to realize software design, using Microsoft Visual Studio 2008 software to realize the design of satellite intelligent prediction algorithm. A container Leo satellite monitoring terminal based on SGP4 model is made. Finally, the terminal integrated satellite intelligent prediction algorithm testing environment, terminal function and power consumption testing platform are built, and the test content is completed. The research results show that the container Leo satellite monitoring terminal designed in this paper has the capability of monitoring the container in the whole supply chain, as well as the functions of solar charging, empty and heavy load detection and so on. Its integrated satellite intelligent prediction algorithm can predict the arrival time of Orcomm Leo satellite, the prediction error is within 1min, and its volume is smaller and power consumption is lower.
【學位授予單位】：深圳大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TP277;TN927.2

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