本文選題：正交頻分復(fù)用 + 大規(guī)模多輸入多輸出　； 參考：《鄭州大學(xué)》2017年博士論文

【摘要】：超密集組網(wǎng)利用小基站密集部署改善網(wǎng)絡(luò)覆蓋,成為未來(lái)5G網(wǎng)絡(luò)提高數(shù)據(jù)流量的有效解決方案之一。然而,超密集網(wǎng)絡(luò)部署帶來(lái)小區(qū)間干擾問(wèn)題,成為制約系統(tǒng)容量的主要因素。由于多小區(qū)頻率復(fù)用以及信道相干時(shí)間有限,導(dǎo)致超密集網(wǎng)絡(luò)中相鄰小區(qū)只能通過(guò)復(fù)用正交導(dǎo)頻訓(xùn)練序列進(jìn)行信道估計(jì),由此引起的導(dǎo)頻污染(Pilot Contamination,PC)問(wèn)題成為小區(qū)間的主要干擾問(wèn)題。多小區(qū)大規(guī)模多輸入多輸出(Multiple-Input Multiple-Output,MIMO)系統(tǒng)配置的大規(guī)模天線所蘊(yùn)含的高增益,可以顯著提升通信系統(tǒng)的能效和譜效,被視為未來(lái)5G無(wú)線通信重要的備選技術(shù)。然而,增加基站天線的數(shù)目并不能消除導(dǎo)頻污染的影響,導(dǎo)頻污染問(wèn)題已經(jīng)成為限制多小區(qū)大規(guī)模MIMO系統(tǒng)性能的瓶頸問(wèn)題。目前已有大量關(guān)于多小區(qū)大規(guī)模MIMO系統(tǒng)中導(dǎo)頻污染消除技術(shù)的研究成果,其中基于導(dǎo)頻分配方案的導(dǎo)頻污染消除技術(shù)是研究的熱點(diǎn)。由于不同的通信機(jī)制對(duì)應(yīng)不同的正交導(dǎo)頻設(shè)計(jì),本論文將有機(jī)結(jié)合正交頻分復(fù)用(Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing,OFDM)技術(shù)和大規(guī)模MIMO技術(shù)構(gòu)建多小區(qū)大規(guī)模MIMO-OFDM通信機(jī)制,基于此通信機(jī)制設(shè)計(jì)最優(yōu)導(dǎo)頻符號(hào)并結(jié)合導(dǎo)頻污染消除方案,逐步開(kāi)展導(dǎo)頻污染消除技術(shù)的研究。主要工作和創(chuàng)新點(diǎn)如下:1.針對(duì)多小區(qū)大規(guī)模MIMO-OFDM系統(tǒng)由于多小區(qū)頻率復(fù)用以及信道相干時(shí)間有限造成的導(dǎo)頻污染問(wèn)題,本論文利用OFDM技術(shù)所具有的頻域(Frequency Domain,FD)多載波資源進(jìn)行多載波上的導(dǎo)頻信號(hào)建模,在此基礎(chǔ)上為頻率復(fù)用小區(qū)內(nèi)用戶設(shè)計(jì)最優(yōu)導(dǎo)頻符號(hào)集合。當(dāng)系統(tǒng)子載波資源充足使得基站收發(fā)最優(yōu)導(dǎo)頻符號(hào)方程具備完備時(shí)域(Time Domain,TD)信道沖激響應(yīng)(Channel Impulse Response,CIR)解時(shí),理論證明最優(yōu)導(dǎo)頻符號(hào)集合與快速傅里葉變換(Fast Fourier Transform,FFT)矩陣相乘構(gòu)成的乘積符號(hào)集合滿足完全正交性。此時(shí),時(shí)間同步最優(yōu)導(dǎo)頻符號(hào)發(fā)送可估計(jì)出準(zhǔn)確的TD CIRs,完全消除導(dǎo)頻污染。2.針對(duì)系統(tǒng)子載波資源不充足導(dǎo)致乘積符號(hào)集合不滿足完全正交性,時(shí)間同步最優(yōu)導(dǎo)頻符號(hào)發(fā)送方案產(chǎn)生導(dǎo)頻污染的問(wèn)題,本論文設(shè)計(jì)了一種上行鏈路和下行鏈路相結(jié)合的TWO-STAGE導(dǎo)頻發(fā)送方案,通過(guò)下行鏈路傳輸最優(yōu)導(dǎo)頻符號(hào)估計(jì)“純凈”的TD CIRs,并將其封裝在上行最優(yōu)導(dǎo)頻符號(hào)中,使基站可以在上行鏈路信道估計(jì)階段提取出“純凈”的TD CIRs。仿真結(jié)果表明,該方案的導(dǎo)頻訓(xùn)練開(kāi)銷(xiāo)、信道估計(jì)精度以及系統(tǒng)和速率等性能較已有導(dǎo)頻污染消除方案具有明顯優(yōu)勢(shì)。此外,該方案可以使基站避免協(xié)作,也可避免已知信道二階統(tǒng)計(jì)信息等復(fù)雜度過(guò)高的問(wèn)題。3.為了進(jìn)一步減小導(dǎo)頻訓(xùn)練開(kāi)銷(xiāo),提高系統(tǒng)譜效,本論文在系統(tǒng)子載波資源不充足的情況下基于最優(yōu)導(dǎo)頻符號(hào)集合提出了一種用戶分組方案。乘積符號(hào)集合在子載波資源不充足時(shí)雖然不滿足完全正交性,但其中某些元素構(gòu)成的子集滿足部分正交性。本論文利用此特性,理論證明頻率復(fù)用小區(qū)內(nèi)用戶存在最優(yōu)用戶分組,使得每組內(nèi)用戶的乘積符號(hào)相互正交。用戶分組方案則取決于系統(tǒng)有效信道相干間隔(Channel’s Coherence Interval,COHI),如果有效COHI不小于最優(yōu)用戶分組數(shù),用戶分組方案即為最優(yōu)用戶分組,否則用戶分組方案由有效COHI的值確定,不同組的用戶通過(guò)時(shí)間交錯(cuò)最優(yōu)導(dǎo)頻符號(hào)發(fā)送消除導(dǎo)頻污染。仿真結(jié)果表明,該方案能獲得較理想的導(dǎo)頻訓(xùn)練開(kāi)銷(xiāo)、信道估計(jì)精度以及系統(tǒng)和速率。此外,該方案簡(jiǎn)單實(shí)用,具有實(shí)際應(yīng)用價(jià)值。4.針對(duì)在給定上行總功率的前提下,上行導(dǎo)頻和數(shù)據(jù)之間功率分配對(duì)多小區(qū)大規(guī)模MIMO-OFDM系統(tǒng)有效聚合速率(Aggregate Rate,AR)性能影響問(wèn)題,本論文基于導(dǎo)頻污染消除方案給出了上行導(dǎo)頻功率優(yōu)化評(píng)估函數(shù),并基于此評(píng)估函數(shù)分別優(yōu)化了傳統(tǒng)時(shí)間同步導(dǎo)頻訓(xùn)練序列發(fā)送方案和用戶分組方案。仿真結(jié)果表明,系統(tǒng)有效AR為上行導(dǎo)頻功率分配因子的凸函數(shù)。此外,為了獲取系統(tǒng)最大有效AR,本論文建立了一個(gè)基于上行導(dǎo)頻功率分配因子和系統(tǒng)有效AR的單變量最優(yōu)函數(shù),并采用黃金分割法求解最優(yōu)上行導(dǎo)頻功率分配因子,從而得到系統(tǒng)最大有效AR。仿真結(jié)果還表明用戶分組方案由于較小的導(dǎo)頻訓(xùn)練開(kāi)銷(xiāo)不僅能夠提高系統(tǒng)譜效,而且能通過(guò)上行導(dǎo)頻功率優(yōu)化進(jìn)一步提高系統(tǒng)能效。
[Abstract]:It is one of the most effective solutions to improve the data flow in the future 5G network. However, the inter cell interference problem is caused by the ultra dense network deployment, which has become the main factor restricting the capacity of the system. The overintensive network is caused by the multiple cell frequency reuse and the limited channel coherence time. The adjacent cells in the collaterals can only be estimated through the multiplexed orthogonal pilot training sequences. The resulting Pilot Contamination (PC) problem becomes the main interference problem between the cells. The high gain contained in the large scale multi cell multi input multiple output (Multiple-Input Multiple-Output, MIMO) system configuration of a large-scale antenna. It can significantly improve the energy efficiency and spectral efficiency of the communication system. It is considered as an important alternative for 5G wireless communication in the future. However, increasing the number of base station antennas does not eliminate the influence of pilot pollution. Pilot pollution has become a bottle neck problem that restrict the performance of a multi cell large-scale MIMO system. The research results of pilot pollution elimination technology in MIMO system, of which pilot pollution elimination technology based on pilot distribution scheme is the focus of research. Due to the different communication mechanisms corresponding to different orthogonal pilot design, this paper will combine orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing, OFDM) technology and large-scale MIMO technology constructs a multi cell and large-scale MIMO-OFDM communication mechanism. Based on this communication mechanism, the optimal pilot symbol is designed and the pilot pollution elimination scheme is combined with the pilot pollution elimination scheme. The main work and innovation points are as follows: 1. for the multi cell large-scale MIMO-OFDM system, the multiple cell frequency reuse and channel coherence are due to the multi cell large-scale system. The problem of pilot pollution caused by time is limited. This paper uses the frequency domain (Frequency Domain, FD) multi carrier resource of OFDM technology to model the pilot signal on multi carrier, and then designs the optimal pilot symbol set for the users in the frequency multiplexed cell. When the system subcarrier resources are sufficient, the base station receives and receives the optimal pilot When the number equation has the full time domain (Time Domain, TD) channel impulse response (Channel Impulse Response, CIR) solution, the theory proves that the product symbol set composed of the optimal pilot symbol set and the fast Fourier transform (Fast Fourier Transform, FFT) matrix satisfies complete orthogonality. At this time, the time synchronization optimal pilot symbol can be estimated. The accurate TD CIRs completely eliminates the pilot pollution.2. to solve the problem that the product symbol set does not satisfy the complete orthogonality because the system subcarrier resources are insufficient, and the time synchronization optimal pilot symbol sends the pilot pollution. This paper designs a TWO-STAGE pilot transmission scheme which combines the uplink and downlink links, and the scheme has been designed in this paper. The downlink transmission optimal pilot symbol estimates the "pure" TD CIRs, and encapsulates it in the upstream optimal pilot symbol, enabling the base station to extract "pure" TD CIRs. simulation results in the uplink channel estimation stage, indicating that the pilot training overhead, channel estimation accuracy, and system and rate performance of the scheme are relatively existing. In addition, the scheme can make the base station avoid cooperation and avoid the problem of high complexity such as the two order statistical information of the known channel. In order to further reduce the pilot training overhead and improve the spectral efficiency of the system, this paper is based on the optimal pilot symbol set in the case of insufficient subcarrier resources of the system. A user grouping scheme is proposed. The product symbol set is not satisfied with complete orthogonality when the subcarrier resource is inadequate, but the subset of some elements satisfies partial orthogonality. This paper uses this characteristic to prove that the users in the frequency reuse community have the optimal user grouping, which makes the product symbols of the users in each group. The user grouping scheme is orthogonal. The user grouping scheme depends on the system effective channel coherence interval (Channel 's Coherence Interval, COHI). If the effective COHI is not less than the optimal user packet number, the user packet scheme is the optimal user packet, otherwise the user grouping scheme is determined by the value of the effective COHI, and the users of the different groups interlace the optimal pilot through the time. The simulation results show that the scheme can obtain ideal pilot training overhead, channel estimation precision and system and rate. In addition, the scheme is simple and practical, and the practical application value.4. is based on the given upper total power, the uplink pilot and the power distribution between the data and the multi cell large-scale M The effective aggregation rate (Aggregate Rate, AR) performance of the IMO-OFDM system is affected. Based on the pilot pollution elimination scheme, the optimal evaluation function of the upstream pilot power is given. Based on this evaluation function, the transmission scheme and the user grouping scheme of the traditional time synchronous pilot training sequence are optimized. The simulation results show that the system is effective AR In addition, in order to obtain the maximum effective AR of the system, in order to obtain the maximum effective AR of the system, a single variable optimal function based on the power distribution factor of the upstream pilot and the effective AR of the system is established, and the optimal upper pilot power distribution factor is solved by the golden section method, thus the maximum effective AR. simulation node of the system is obtained. The result also shows that the user packet scheme can not only improve the spectral efficiency of the system, but also improve the energy efficiency of the system by optimizing the uplink pilot power.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：鄭州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TN919.3

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