本文選題：波達(dá)方向估計 + 小波變換�。� 參考：《安徽大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：近幾十年,隨著陣列信號處理技術(shù)的發(fā)展,傳感器成本的降低及其處理器運算速度的加快,聲陣列傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)被廣泛的應(yīng)用于生活、醫(yī)療、軍事等各種領(lǐng)域。聲陣列被動探測系統(tǒng)利用陣列的麥克風(fēng)陣元接收目標(biāo)聲源信號,采用陣列信號處理算法模型處理信號,實現(xiàn)對聲源目標(biāo)的探測、測向與定位。本文主要內(nèi)容包括介紹典型的寬帶信號波達(dá)方向估計算法,在此基礎(chǔ)上提出基于小波變換的高分辨率測向算法,并設(shè)計出一種區(qū)域定位系統(tǒng),文章通過仿真實驗及應(yīng)用實驗驗證了該系統(tǒng)的有效性。具體如下:首先,介紹了寬帶陣列信號模型,以及基于此模型的波束形成算法、多重信號分類算法及寬帶聚焦矩陣算法,給出算法原理和實現(xiàn)步驟,并利用仿真實驗對各算法在不同信噪比、快拍數(shù)等影響因素下的誤差性能進(jìn)行分析。其一次,講述了小波變換的理論基礎(chǔ),并將小波變換用于建立時頻陣列信號模型,該模型不同于以往寬帶陣列信號模型中均勻分割頻帶的方法,它利用小波變換的多分辨特性將接收信號的寬頻帶進(jìn)行多分辨劃分,能提取信號中更全面的時頻信息。隨后提出基于此模型的高分辨率測向算法,推導(dǎo)出該測向算法的克拉美羅界,并構(gòu)造仿真實驗分析算法的誤差性能以及多分辨性能,驗證該算法的穩(wěn)健性和高分辨率特性。再次,提出一種區(qū)域定位系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計方案,系統(tǒng)主要實現(xiàn)對聲源目標(biāo)信號的檢測、定位功能,方案首先對接收信號進(jìn)行檢測,檢測是否存在目標(biāo)信號,若檢測出信號則提取它的頻譜特征并對目標(biāo)源進(jìn)行定位,針對近場和遠(yuǎn)場兩種情況分別提出定位幾何模型和區(qū)域譜估計模型,通過搜索區(qū)域譜峰值獲得目標(biāo)聲源定位結(jié)果。為了在保證區(qū)域譜分辨率的同時降低計算成本,先采用低分辨率譜估計得到粗略的定位估計,再對估計位置所在的小范圍區(qū)域內(nèi)進(jìn)行高分辨率譜估計并實現(xiàn)最終的定位。最后,本文利用課題組現(xiàn)有的陣列設(shè)備,設(shè)計模擬爆炸聲定位的仿真實驗并且在半消聲實驗室進(jìn)行了鳴笛聲定位實驗,實驗驗證了該定位系統(tǒng)的實用性。
[Abstract]:In recent decades, with the development of array signal processing technology, the reduction of sensor cost and the acceleration of processor speed, acoustic array sensor network has been widely used in life, medical treatment, military and other fields. The acoustic array passive detection system receives the target sound source signal by the microphone array element and uses the array signal processing algorithm model to process the signal to realize the detection direction and localization of the sound source target. The main contents of this paper include the introduction of typical DOA estimation algorithms for wideband signals. On this basis, a high resolution direction finding algorithm based on wavelet transform is proposed, and a region location system is designed. The effectiveness of the system is verified by simulation and application experiments. The details are as follows: firstly, the wideband array signal model, the beamforming algorithm based on this model, the multi-signal classification algorithm and the wideband focusing matrix algorithm are introduced. Simulation experiments are used to analyze the error performance of each algorithm under different influence factors such as signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and number of beats. In this paper, the theoretical basis of wavelet transform is described, and the wavelet transform is used to establish the time-frequency array signal model, which is different from the method of evenly dividing the frequency band in the previous wideband array signal model. It uses the multi-resolution characteristic of wavelet transform to divide the received signal in a wide frequency band and can extract more comprehensive time-frequency information from the signal. Then, a high-resolution direction-finding algorithm based on this model is proposed, and the Crameiro bound of the direction-finding algorithm is derived, and the error performance and multi-resolution performance of the algorithm are constructed to verify the robustness and high-resolution characteristics of the algorithm. Thirdly, a design scheme of regional positioning system is proposed. The system mainly realizes the detection and location function of the target signal of the sound source. The scheme first detects the received signal and detects the existence of the target signal. If the signal is detected, its spectrum feature is extracted and the target source is located. The localization geometric model and the region spectrum estimation model are proposed for the near field and far field respectively. The target acoustic source location results are obtained by searching the peak value of the region spectrum. In order to ensure the spectral resolution of the region and reduce the computational cost, the low resolution spectral estimation is first used to obtain the rough location estimation, and then the high-resolution spectral estimation is carried out in the small region where the estimated position is located and the final location is realized. Finally, using the existing array equipment of the research group, the simulation experiment of simulating explosive sound location is designed, and the sound localization experiment is carried out in the semi-anechoic laboratory, which verifies the practicability of the positioning system.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：安徽大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TN911.7

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