本文選題：路由協(xié)議 + 分層傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)��； 參考：《遼寧大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)(Wireless Sensor Network,WSN)是一種新型智能網(wǎng)絡(luò),廣泛應(yīng)用于衛(wèi)生醫(yī)療、軍事偵查、智能家居、野外勘測等領(lǐng)域。WSN在農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)領(lǐng)域的應(yīng)用也引起了人們重視,通過監(jiān)測農(nóng)田環(huán)境來實(shí)時(shí)關(guān)注農(nóng)作物生長情況。無線傳感網(wǎng)中面臨的最大問題是節(jié)點(diǎn)能量有限,節(jié)點(diǎn)生存和通信所需的能量由電池提供,一旦能量耗盡便停止工作。因此,如何利用農(nóng)田環(huán)境中充足的太陽光照來補(bǔ)充節(jié)點(diǎn)能量及制定有效的路由策略來控制節(jié)點(diǎn)的能耗,對于無線傳感網(wǎng)路由協(xié)議的研究具有實(shí)際意義。針對節(jié)點(diǎn)能量受限和網(wǎng)絡(luò)負(fù)載不均衡問題,本文在以基站為中心的分層網(wǎng)絡(luò)模型下,提出了層間簇頭自適應(yīng)通信策略和節(jié)點(diǎn)能量可補(bǔ)充的簇頭負(fù)載均衡協(xié)議。本文主要內(nèi)容如下:首先,對無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)相關(guān)概念、特點(diǎn)、協(xié)議體系等進(jìn)行闡述;敘述了路由協(xié)議的分類,并簡要介紹了一些經(jīng)典的路由協(xié)議。其次,提出了基于分層簇間自適應(yīng)通信方式的路由協(xié)議。在分層網(wǎng)絡(luò)成簇前,對最優(yōu)簇頭數(shù)mopt和成簇半徑CHR的大小進(jìn)行控制;節(jié)點(diǎn)以剩余能量為主參數(shù),節(jié)點(diǎn)鄰近度為次參數(shù)選出簇頭;普通節(jié)點(diǎn)根據(jù)平均最小可達(dá)能量加入到鄰近簇中;分簇后,簇頭依據(jù)下游簇頭被選中為轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)節(jié)點(diǎn)的概率next_CHP選出最優(yōu)轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)簇頭,并根據(jù)簇頭間層級(jí)關(guān)系,以自適應(yīng)方式與鄰簇頭通信。再次,提出了基于節(jié)點(diǎn)能量補(bǔ)充的層間簇頭負(fù)載均衡路由協(xié)議。在廣闊的農(nóng)田環(huán)境中,傳感器節(jié)點(diǎn)收集太陽能并轉(zhuǎn)換成電能儲(chǔ)存在超級(jí)電容中,從而緩解能量受限問題。采用基于時(shí)間戳的節(jié)點(diǎn)剩余能量估計(jì)對節(jié)點(diǎn)選擇性充電;同時(shí),對簇頭間構(gòu)建的路由樹從葉節(jié)點(diǎn)開始逐步判斷父簇頭是否需要均衡負(fù)載,避免網(wǎng)絡(luò)中能耗大的節(jié)點(diǎn)處產(chǎn)生“熱點(diǎn)”問題。最后,通過NS-2軟件對協(xié)議進(jìn)行了仿真實(shí)驗(yàn)。在網(wǎng)絡(luò)生存周期、節(jié)點(diǎn)平均剩余能量、網(wǎng)絡(luò)負(fù)載均衡性等方面分析對比了協(xié)議的性能,本文協(xié)議能有效延長網(wǎng)絡(luò)生存時(shí)間、較好地均衡網(wǎng)絡(luò)負(fù)載。
[Abstract]:Wireless Sensor Network (WSNN) is a new type of intelligent network, which is widely used in health care, military investigation, smart home, field survey and other fields. WSN has also attracted people's attention in the field of agricultural production. By monitoring the farmland environment to pay real-time attention to crop growth. The biggest problem in wireless sensor networks is that the energy of nodes is limited. The energy needed for node survival and communication is supplied by batteries. Once the energy is exhausted, it will stop working. Therefore, it is of practical significance for the research of wireless sensor network routing protocol how to use sufficient solar light in farmland environment to supplement node energy and formulate effective routing strategy to control node energy consumption. In order to solve the problem of node energy limitation and network load imbalance, this paper proposes a cluster head adaptive communication strategy and a cluster head load balancing protocol which can be supplemented by node energy under a hierarchical network model with base station as the center. The main contents of this paper are as follows: firstly, the related concepts, characteristics and protocol architecture of wireless sensor networks are described, the classification of routing protocols is described, and some classical routing protocols are briefly introduced. Secondly, a routing protocol based on hierarchical adaptive communication between clusters is proposed. The optimal number of cluster heads (mopt) and the size of cluster radius (HR) are controlled before the hierarchical network is clustered, and the node takes residual energy as the main parameter, and the node proximity is the secondary parameter to select the cluster head. After clustering, the cluster head selects the optimal forwarding cluster head according to the probability that the downstream cluster head is selected as the forwarding node, and according to the hierarchical relationship between the cluster heads, the common node is added to the adjacent cluster according to the average minimum reachable energy, and the optimal forwarding cluster head is selected according to the probability of the downstream cluster head being selected as the forwarding node. It communicates with the neighbor cluster head in an adaptive manner. Thirdly, an inter-layer cluster head load balancing routing protocol based on node energy supplement is proposed. In the vast farmland environment, sensor nodes collect solar energy and convert it into electric energy to store it in super capacitors, thus alleviating the problem of energy limitation. The residual energy estimation based on time stamp is used to charge the nodes selectively. At the same time, the routing tree constructed between the cluster heads is used to judge whether the parent cluster head needs to balance the load from the leaf node step by step. Avoid the problem of "hot spot" at the nodes with high energy consumption in the network. Finally, the protocol is simulated by NS-2 software. The performance of the protocol is analyzed and compared in the aspects of network lifetime, node average residual energy, network load balance and so on. This protocol can effectively prolong the network lifetime and balance the network load.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：遼寧大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TP212.9;TN929.5

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