本文選題：大規(guī)模天線系統(tǒng) + 寬帶信道測量　； 參考：《北京交通大學》2017年博士論文

【摘要】：無線移動通信的發(fā)展深刻改變了人們的工作與生活方式。隨著移動互聯(lián)網(wǎng)和物聯(lián)網(wǎng)等新興應用不斷興起,無線流量呈現(xiàn)爆炸性增長,給第5代移動通信系統(tǒng)(5G)帶來巨大挑戰(zhàn)。作為5G的關(guān)鍵使能技術(shù)之一,大規(guī)模天線技術(shù)在基站側(cè)使用數(shù)十甚至上百根天線利用相同的時頻資源為多達數(shù)十個用戶提供服務,具有高頻譜效率、高能量效率和高可靠性等突出優(yōu)勢,能夠滿足未來高速移動通信需求。無線信道特性對大規(guī)模天線系統(tǒng)設(shè)計與性能評估至關(guān)重要。信道估計、天線選擇和信道狀態(tài)信息回傳等算法均可利用基站陣元信道相關(guān)性進行優(yōu)化,而預編碼方案的復雜度與多用戶信道相關(guān)性直接相關(guān)。因此,大規(guī)模天線系統(tǒng)中陣元和用戶信道相關(guān)性研究具有重要意義。國內(nèi)外已在此方面做了大量研究工作,但是仍然存在以下局限:1)在信道測量系統(tǒng)與場景方面,現(xiàn)有信道測量系統(tǒng)多采用商用信道測量儀器,或者利用信號發(fā)生器、信號分析儀及矢量網(wǎng)絡(luò)分析儀等多臺商用設(shè)備搭建測量系統(tǒng),高昂的成本限制了信道測量活動的廣泛開展;同時,現(xiàn)有信道測量場景多集中于室外,室內(nèi)熱點場景尚未得到充分研究。2)在陣列維度上信道相關(guān)衰落特性研究方面,多數(shù)優(yōu)化算法仍然使用傳統(tǒng)陣元相關(guān)模型,它們基于平面波假設(shè)獲得,在大規(guī)模天線中的適用性需要更多實測驗證;此外,視通場景中大規(guī)模天線陣列維度上信道空間連續(xù)性和隨機性需要進一步建模分析。3)在多用戶信道相關(guān)性研究方面,信道矩陣特征值擴展和條件數(shù)等表征參數(shù)存在一定局限性;同時,實際系統(tǒng)參數(shù)與多用戶信道漸近正交性的關(guān)系缺乏數(shù)學模型進行定量描述。本文綜合利用實際信道測量、系統(tǒng)仿真和理論分析建模等方法,研究實際無線場景中大規(guī)模天線系統(tǒng)的信道空間相關(guān)性。論文主要包括以下內(nèi)容與貢獻:1)基于多子頻段切換的寬帶無線信道測量方案設(shè)計、實現(xiàn)、校準與性能驗證。本文提出的寬帶信道測量方法在一個測量周期內(nèi)連續(xù)探測多個相鄰子頻段從而成倍擴展測量帶寬。此方法相比逐點掃頻可以顯著降低測量時間,對于低速移動信道尤為適用。同時,此方法無需使用高速寬帶硬件,成本與實現(xiàn)復雜度較低。測量系統(tǒng)基于軟件無線電平臺實現(xiàn),利用本文提出的系統(tǒng)校準方法,可以有效消除系統(tǒng)硬件的影響。通過多徑信道仿真、有線信道和無線信道實測,驗證了此方法的有效性。2)大規(guī)模天線陣列維度上信道衰落的自回歸滑動平均(Auto-Regressive Moving Average, ARMA)建模,并利用萊斯K因子的ARMA模型改進了視通場景的相關(guān)信道模型。本文將線性大規(guī)模天線陣列中不同陣元的接收信號功率和萊斯K因子變化序列作為分析對象,使用ARMA模型分別進行建模。利用K因子的ARMA模型,提出了基于變化K因子的相關(guān)信道模型,以反映陣列維度上直達徑與反散射徑相對強度變化的空間連續(xù)性與隨機性。3)大規(guī)模天線陣列中陣元信道相關(guān)系數(shù)分析與擬合建模。利用不同場景的實測數(shù)據(jù),分析多種現(xiàn)有陣元相關(guān)模型在不同空間維度、不同房間尺寸條件下的適用性。垂直面內(nèi),由于天線增益方向性與環(huán)境的影響,陣元相關(guān)系數(shù)隨陣元間隔增加呈現(xiàn)明顯的振蕩衰減。針對此特殊規(guī)律,本文提出了一種負指數(shù)衰減余弦模型對其進行有效擬合。4)多用戶信道漸近正交性理論分析,并利用實測數(shù)據(jù)建立了對應的經(jīng)驗公式。本文通過理論推導得到了多用戶大規(guī)模天線系統(tǒng)容量的上限值,然后利用實際信道容量與其上限值的比值衡量多用戶信道正交性。利用不同場景和不同系統(tǒng)配置下的實測數(shù)據(jù),建立了多用戶信道漸近正交性與系統(tǒng)參數(shù)的經(jīng)驗公式。此經(jīng)驗公式可以定量分析不同系統(tǒng)參數(shù)對信道容量的影響,對系統(tǒng)設(shè)計與性能評估具有實際參考價值。
[Abstract]:The development of wireless mobile communication has greatly changed people's work and life style. With the rising of new applications such as mobile Internet and Internet of things, the explosive growth of wireless traffic brings great challenges to the fifth generation mobile communication system (5G). As one of the key enabling techniques of 5G, the use of large-scale antenna technology on the base station side Ten or even hundreds of antennas provide services for up to dozens of users with the same time and frequency resources. It has the advantages of high frequency spectrum efficiency, high energy efficiency and high reliability. It can meet the needs of high speed mobile communication in the future. The characteristics of wireless channel are very important to the design and performance evaluation of large-scale antenna systems. Channel estimation, antenna selection. The algorithm of selection and channel state information return can be optimized by channel correlation of base station, and the complexity of the precoding scheme is directly related to the correlation of multiuser channel. Therefore, the research on the correlation of array element and user channel in large-scale antenna system is of great significance. There are still the following limitations: 1) in the channel measurement system and the scene, the existing channel measurement systems mostly use commercial channel measurement instruments, or use signal generator, signal analyzer and vector network analyzer to build measurement systems, and high cost restricts the extensive development of channel measurement activities; at the same time, The existing channel measurement scenes are mostly outdoors, and the indoor hot scenes have not been fully studied in.2). Most of the optimization algorithms still use the traditional element correlation model, which are based on the plane wave hypothesis, and the applicability of the large-scale antenna needs more measurement and verification. The continuity and randomness of the channel space on the dimension of the large antenna array in the visual scene need further modeling and analysis of.3). There are some limitations in the characterization parameters such as the eigenvalue extension and the condition number of the channel matrix in the study of the multi-user channel correlation; and the relationship between the actual system parameter and the asymptotic orthogonality of the multi-user channel is lack. This paper makes a quantitative description of the mathematical model. In this paper, the channel spatial correlation of the large-scale antenna system in the actual wireless scene is studied by means of practical channel measurement, system simulation and theoretical analysis modeling. The main contents and contributions of this paper are as follows: 1) the design of broadband wireless channel measurement scheme based on multiband switching and implementation, Calibration and performance verification. The wideband channel measurement method proposed in this paper can continuously detect multiple adjacent subbands within a measurement period to multiply the measured bandwidth. This method can significantly reduce the measurement time compared to the point by point frequency sweep, especially for the low speed mobile channel. At the same time, this method does not require high speed broadband hardware, and the cost of this method is not necessary. The system is based on the software radio platform and the system calibration method proposed in this paper can effectively eliminate the influence of the system hardware. Through multipath channel simulation, wired channel and wireless channel measurement, the validity of the method is verified.2) the autoregression of the channel fading on the large antenna array dimension. The Auto-Regressive Moving Average (ARMA) model is modeled and the correlation channel model of the visual scene is improved by using the ARMA model of the LES K factor. In this paper, the receiving signal power of different array elements and the change sequence of the LES K factor in the linear large-scale antenna array are used as the analysis object, and the ARMA model is used for modeling. In the ARMA model of the sub, a correlation channel model based on the variable K factor is proposed to reflect the spatial continuity and randomness of the relative intensity of the direct and backscattering paths in the array dimension. The correlation coefficient analysis and fitting modeling of the array elements in the large antenna array are modeled and modeled. A variety of existing array elements are analyzed by using the measured data of different scenes. The applicability of the model in different space dimensions and room size conditions. In vertical plane, because of the antenna gain direction and the influence of the environment, the correlation coefficient of the array element presents obvious oscillation attenuation with the increase of the array element interval. In this special law, a negative digital attenuation cosine model is proposed for the effective fitting of.4). The asymptotic orthogonality of the user channel is analyzed, and the corresponding empirical formula is established by using the measured data. The upper limit of the capacity of the multiuser large-scale antenna system is derived by theoretical deduction. Then the multiuser channel orthogonality is measured by the ratio of the actual channel capacity to the upper limit value. The different scene and different system configuration are used. The empirical formula for the asymptotic orthogonality and system parameters of multiuser channels is established under the measured data. This empirical formula can quantitatively analyze the influence of different system parameters on the channel capacity, and has a practical reference value for the system design and performance evaluation.
【學位授予單位】：北京交通大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TN919.3

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