本文關(guān)鍵詞：MIT發(fā)現(xiàn)物質(zhì)新形態(tài)一種既是晶體又是超流體的超固體　出處：《特種鑄造及有色合金》2017年04期 　論文類型：期刊論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 超固體 MIT 超流體 量子態(tài) 無粘性流動 氦原子 能量傳輸 超導(dǎo)磁體 物質(zhì)狀態(tài) 晶格結(jié)構(gòu)

【摘要】：正近日,美國麻省理工學(xué)院MIT的物理學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)一種新的物質(zhì)形態(tài):超固體。這種物質(zhì)形態(tài)同時具備了固體和超流體的性質(zhì)。研究人員用激光操縱處于玻色-愛因斯坦凝聚的氣態(tài)超流體,使它們同時進入于一種全新的量子態(tài)中--超固態(tài)。這種量子態(tài)具有晶格結(jié)構(gòu),同時還擁有超流體本身的無粘性流動特性。理解這種明顯矛盾的物質(zhì)狀態(tài)可以幫助我們更好地理解超流和超導(dǎo)的性質(zhì),從而極大促進超導(dǎo)磁體,超導(dǎo)傳感器以及能量傳輸?shù)刃袠I(yè)的發(fā)展。該項研究發(fā)表在《Nature》雜志上。該項目領(lǐng)頭人Wolfgang Ketterle說:"超固體既能流動又有固體的結(jié)構(gòu),這的確很反常識。當(dāng)你攪拌一杯具有超流性的咖啡時,咖啡會永遠(yuǎn)旋轉(zhuǎn)下去。"物理學(xué)家們曾經(jīng)預(yù)測會有超固體的存在,但迄今為止仍未在實驗室發(fā)現(xiàn)。有人從理論上提出,如果可以在低溫條件下,讓處于超流體狀態(tài)下的氦原子繞著氦晶體運動,從而形成等效意義上的超固體。Ketterle團隊采用鈉原子實現(xiàn)了超固體。由
[Abstract]:Recently, physicists at MIT of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology found a new form of material: super solid. This form of material has both solid and superfluid properties at the same time. The researchers use the laser to manipulate the gaseous superfluid in Bose Einstein condensation, allowing them to enter into a new quantum state, supersolid. The quantum state has a lattice structure and also has the non viscous flow characteristics of the superfluid itself. Understanding this obviously contradictory state of matter can help us better understand the nature of superfluid and superconductivity, thus greatly promoting the development of superconducting magnets, superconducting sensors and energy transmission industries. The study was published in the Journal Nature. Wolfgang Ketterle, the leader of the project, said, "a super solid can flow and have a solid structure, which is really common sense." When you mix a cup of super - current coffee, the coffee will rotate forever. "Physicists have predicted that there will be a super solid, but so far it has not been found in the laboratory. It has been theoretically suggested that if the helium atom in superfluid state moves around helium crystal at low temperature, it will form an equivalent sense of supersolid. The Ketterle team used sodium atoms to realize the super solid. from
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