【摘要】：迅速發(fā)展的無線通信技術和集成電子技術使得無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡得以不斷的發(fā)展,無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡是由大量低成本低功耗的傳感器節(jié)點部署在監(jiān)測區(qū)域中,對監(jiān)測區(qū)域的監(jiān)測環(huán)境進行數(shù)據(jù)的采集和傳輸。這些節(jié)點通過無線鏈路、自組織通信,將監(jiān)測區(qū)域的監(jiān)測數(shù)據(jù)匯聚傳輸給監(jiān)測端�，F(xiàn)如今,無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡已經(jīng)應用于人們生活的每一個角落,如環(huán)境監(jiān)控、醫(yī)療監(jiān)護、交通監(jiān)管等等,它的蓬勃發(fā)展給當代科技和人們的生活都帶來了巨大的影響。對于無線網(wǎng)絡通信中的諸多關鍵技術,如路由協(xié)議、能耗管理、節(jié)點定位等,其中處于最重要和核心地位的是路由技術,它是傳感器網(wǎng)絡運行的基礎,因此路由協(xié)議是否適合網(wǎng)絡的應用場景將直接影響著網(wǎng)絡的性能。IETF工作組在分析了現(xiàn)有的無線傳感器路由協(xié)議后,發(fā)現(xiàn)現(xiàn)有的路由協(xié)議中,沒有集中針對低功耗有損網(wǎng)絡的應用場景的,因此ROLL工作組提出了一種新的路由協(xié)議——RPL (Routing for low-Power and Lossy networks)路由協(xié)議,這種路由協(xié)議所適合的應用場景正是低功耗有損網(wǎng)絡。由于在網(wǎng)絡的實時監(jiān)控過程中,要求通信節(jié)點能夠在傳輸鏈路不穩(wěn)定、拓撲頻繁變化的網(wǎng)絡中適應網(wǎng)絡的一些突發(fā)狀況,如陡增的數(shù)據(jù)流量、突變的鏈路質(zhì)量、網(wǎng)絡的不一致等現(xiàn)象,因此本文針對大規(guī)模數(shù)據(jù)流的網(wǎng)絡擁塞現(xiàn)象和時延現(xiàn)象對RPL路由協(xié)議進行了兩個方面的優(yōu)化——多路徑的動態(tài)負載均衡優(yōu)化和跨層的最小時延優(yōu)化。本論文首先基于單路徑的RPL,以鏈路穩(wěn)定性為前提對其進行了多路徑的優(yōu)化,并且在多路徑的基礎上按融合的路徑權重對大量的數(shù)據(jù)流進行動態(tài)的負載均衡。這種優(yōu)化方案使得大量的數(shù)據(jù)流可以沿著鏈路質(zhì)量較好并且較為空閑的多條路徑進行傳輸。測試結(jié)果表明,這種優(yōu)化方案可以在網(wǎng)絡面對大量數(shù)據(jù)時有很好的緩解網(wǎng)絡的擁塞能力,并且可以在網(wǎng)絡通信鏈路質(zhì)量極差的情況下獲得一個較好的網(wǎng)絡服務質(zhì)量。進一步,在多路徑的基礎上,根據(jù)對ContikiMAC層機制的分析,對多路徑的RPL進行了跨層最小時延優(yōu)化。提出設計了一種基于平均時延的路由度量,并根據(jù)新的路由度量設計了針對時延優(yōu)化的目標函數(shù)。充分利用了 MAC層的節(jié)點喚醒周期來達到最小時延的目的。測試實驗驗證了改進后的優(yōu)化算法在緩解網(wǎng)絡擁塞的基礎上使得整個RPL網(wǎng)絡的平均時延顯著減少。
文內(nèi)圖片：
圖片說明：圖１．１傳統(tǒng)的ＷＳＮ系統(tǒng)架構逡逑最先開展有關無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡方面的研究課題的是美國的軍方
[Abstract]:The rapid development of the wireless communication technology and the integrated electronic technology enables the wireless sensor network to be continuously developed, and the wireless sensor network is deployed in the monitoring area by a large number of sensor nodes with low cost and low power consumption, and the monitoring environment of the monitoring area is acquired and transmitted. The nodes communicate with the self-organization through the wireless link, and the monitoring data of the monitoring area is collected and transmitted to the monitoring terminal. Nowadays, the wireless sensor network has been applied to every corner of people's life, such as environmental monitoring, medical monitoring, traffic supervision and so on, and its vigorous development has brought great influence to the modern science and technology and people's life. for many key technologies in the wireless network communication, such as routing protocol, energy consumption management, node positioning and the like, the most important and core position is the routing technology, which is the basis of the operation of the sensor network, The application scenario of whether the routing protocol is suitable for the network will directly affect the performance of the network. The IETF working group, after analyzing the existing routing protocol of the wireless sensor, found that the existing routing protocol did not focus on the application scene of the low power consumption lossy network, so the ROLL working group proposed a new routing protocol _ RPL (Routing for low-Power and Lossy networks) routing protocol. The application scenario for this routing protocol is the low power lossy network. due to the fact that in the real-time monitoring process of the network, the communication node is required to adapt to some characteristics of the network in a network with unstable transmission links and frequent changes of the topology, such as steep data traffic, abrupt link quality, inconsistent network, and the like, In this paper, the dynamic load balance optimization of multi-path and the minimum time delay of the cross-layer are optimized for the RPL routing protocol based on the network congestion and the time delay of large-scale data flow. In this paper, based on the single-path RPL, the multi-path optimization is carried out on the premise of the link stability, and the dynamic load balance is carried out on a large number of data streams on the basis of multi-path. Such an optimization scheme allows a large number of data streams to be transmitted along multiple paths with good link quality and more idle. The test results show that this optimization scheme can alleviate the network congestion capability when the network faces a large amount of data, and can obtain a good network service quality under the condition of poor network communication link quality. Further, on the basis of multi-path, based on the analysis of the mechanism of the ContikiMAC layer, the minimum time delay of the cross-layer is optimized for the multi-path RPL. An average time-delay-based routing metric is proposed, and a target function for time-delay optimization is designed according to the new route metric. And fully utilizes the node wake-up period of the MAC layer to achieve the purpose of minimum time delay. The experimental results show that the improved optimization algorithm can reduce the average time delay of the whole RPL network based on the network congestion.
【學位授予單位】：哈爾濱工程大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TP212.9;TN929.5

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