【摘要】：由于無(wú)線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)（Wireless Sensor Networks，WSNs）節(jié)點(diǎn)具有能量供應(yīng)有限、硬件資源有限、節(jié)點(diǎn)數(shù)目眾多、網(wǎng)絡(luò)自組織和動(dòng)態(tài)拓?fù)涞忍攸c(diǎn)，導(dǎo)致網(wǎng)絡(luò)故障時(shí)有發(fā)生，即使設(shè)計(jì)成多冗余的容錯(cuò)系統(tǒng)，依然無(wú)法完全避免故障的發(fā)生。尤其是節(jié)點(diǎn)能量耗盡導(dǎo)致的能量故障非常普遍。因此，本文從節(jié)點(diǎn)能量耗盡導(dǎo)致節(jié)點(diǎn)失效進(jìn)而引起網(wǎng)絡(luò)故障的角度出發(fā)，研究故障預(yù)防、故障檢測(cè)和故障修復(fù)等問(wèn)題，基于減少能量消耗和均衡能量消耗的原則，設(shè)計(jì)相應(yīng)的解決方法。本文的研究?jī)?nèi)容主要包括以下三個(gè)方面： （1）針對(duì)冗余通路故障預(yù)防方法中工作狀態(tài)冗余節(jié)點(diǎn)過(guò)多、能量大量浪費(fèi)的問(wèn)題，提出一種基于冗余通路控制的WSNs故障預(yù)防方法。該方法利用匯節(jié)點(diǎn)收集網(wǎng)絡(luò)內(nèi)所有節(jié)點(diǎn)能量狀態(tài)，，計(jì)算節(jié)點(diǎn)健康度等相關(guān)參數(shù)，使用A-Star算法選擇最優(yōu)工作通路，控制其余冗余通路分批輪流休眠，從而達(dá)到減少網(wǎng)絡(luò)工作過(guò)程能量消耗，預(yù)防某些節(jié)點(diǎn)能量提前耗盡導(dǎo)致網(wǎng)絡(luò)能量故障發(fā)生的目的。仿真實(shí)驗(yàn)和實(shí)際節(jié)點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)的結(jié)果表明，在保證網(wǎng)絡(luò)適當(dāng)冗余通路的前提下，與其它相關(guān)方法比較，該方法可以顯著均衡網(wǎng)絡(luò)能量消耗，有效延長(zhǎng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)壽命。 （2）針對(duì)WSNs故障檢測(cè)的鄰居協(xié)作方法中，由于鄰居數(shù)據(jù)與被檢測(cè)節(jié)點(diǎn)實(shí)際數(shù)據(jù)存在差異導(dǎo)致的故障檢測(cè)準(zhǔn)確率問(wèn)題，本文提出一種基于歷史數(shù)據(jù)與鄰居協(xié)作的節(jié)點(diǎn)自檢測(cè)方法，并據(jù)此提出基于簇內(nèi)數(shù)據(jù)聚類的故障檢測(cè)方法來(lái)降低虛警率和普通節(jié)點(diǎn)的能量消耗。該方法將節(jié)點(diǎn)自檢測(cè)方法和鄰居協(xié)作方法相結(jié)合，首先由普通節(jié)點(diǎn)融合節(jié)點(diǎn)穩(wěn)定的歷史數(shù)據(jù)和實(shí)時(shí)鄰居數(shù)據(jù)，采用分布式故障檢測(cè)思想，完成自身故障檢測(cè)工作，然后由能量不受限的匯節(jié)點(diǎn)利用聚類算法將按照空間位置分簇的WSNs節(jié)點(diǎn)感知數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行聚類，并通過(guò)閾值比較進(jìn)行故障檢測(cè)。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明，與類似的WSNs故障檢測(cè)方法相比，該方法具有良好的故障檢測(cè)準(zhǔn)確率和較低的故障檢測(cè)虛警率，且普通節(jié)點(diǎn)能量消耗較小。 （3）針對(duì)WSNs中節(jié)點(diǎn)故障導(dǎo)致網(wǎng)絡(luò)出現(xiàn)“覆蓋空洞”的問(wèn)題，本文提出一種基于最小距離冗余節(jié)點(diǎn)替代的故障修復(fù)方法。該方法由能量不受限的匯節(jié)點(diǎn)獲取全網(wǎng)所有工作節(jié)點(diǎn)和冗余節(jié)點(diǎn)的位置信息，通過(guò)故障節(jié)點(diǎn)和鄰居節(jié)點(diǎn)的位置信息確定“覆蓋空洞”面積，計(jì)算最佳修復(fù)位置，尋找與此位置距離最小的冗余節(jié)點(diǎn)作為替代節(jié)點(diǎn)加入網(wǎng)絡(luò)工作，從而達(dá)到修復(fù)網(wǎng)絡(luò)故障的目的。在此基礎(chǔ)上，提出網(wǎng)絡(luò)覆蓋率的Monte Carlo積分計(jì)算方法，對(duì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的“覆蓋空洞”邊界進(jìn)行數(shù)學(xué)描述，利用概率抽樣的方法估算不規(guī)則區(qū)域的面積，實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)覆蓋質(zhì)量性能的評(píng)價(jià)。然后，根據(jù)實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)，構(gòu)造網(wǎng)絡(luò)壽命與節(jié)點(diǎn)余活比經(jīng)驗(yàn)公式、網(wǎng)絡(luò)覆蓋率與網(wǎng)絡(luò)運(yùn)行時(shí)間、節(jié)點(diǎn)余活比經(jīng)驗(yàn)公式，為網(wǎng)絡(luò)設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)根據(jù)監(jiān)測(cè)區(qū)域面積、網(wǎng)絡(luò)壽命期望和網(wǎng)絡(luò)覆蓋率等參數(shù)合理部署節(jié)點(diǎn)數(shù)目，提供理論參考。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明，通過(guò)預(yù)先隨機(jī)部署的冗余節(jié)點(diǎn)，該故障修復(fù)方法可以獲得較高的故障修復(fù)率和較好的網(wǎng)絡(luò)覆蓋，可有效地延長(zhǎng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)壽命。且在保證充分抽樣的情況下，網(wǎng)絡(luò)覆蓋率的計(jì)算誤差控制在5%以內(nèi)，程序?qū)崿F(xiàn)簡(jiǎn)單且計(jì)算結(jié)果可信。
[Abstract]:As the wireless sensor networks (WSNs) node has the characteristics of limited energy supply, limited hardware resources, numerous nodes, self-organization and dynamic topology of the network, the network failure occurs frequently, even if the multi-redundant fault-tolerant system is designed, It is still impossible to completely avoid the occurrence of the fault. In particular, the energy failure caused by the energy depletion of the node is very common. Therefore, this paper, based on the principle of reducing energy consumption and balancing energy consumption, design the corresponding solution based on the principle of reducing energy consumption and balancing energy consumption. The contents of this paper mainly include the following three aspects: (1) A WSNs fault preventing party based on redundant path control is proposed in order to solve the problem of excessive redundancy of redundant nodes and a large amount of energy in the redundant path fault prevention method. The method comprises the following steps of: collecting all node energy states in a network by a sink node, calculating the related parameters of the node health degree and the like, selecting an optimal working path by using the A-Star algorithm, and controlling the rest of the redundant paths to be alternately dormant in batches so as to reduce the energy consumption of the network working process; The purpose of preventing the failure of network energy due to the depletion of energy in some nodes. The results of the simulation experiment and the actual node experiment show that, on the premise of ensuring the proper redundant path of the network, the method can significantly balance the energy consumption of the network and effectively prolong the life of the network. In order to solve the problem of fault detection accuracy caused by the difference between the neighbor data and the actual data of the detected node, a node self-test based on historical data and neighbor collaboration is proposed in this paper. A fault detection method based on intra-cluster data clustering is proposed to reduce the false alarm rate and the energy of the common node. in that method, a node self-detection method and a neighbor cooperation method are combined, and then clustering the WSNs node-aware data according to the spatial position clustering by using a clustering algorithm by a sink node with an energy non-limitation, and comparing the data with a threshold value, The experimental results show that the method has good fault detection accuracy and low false alarm rate compared with similar WSNs fault detection method, and the energy of common node is eliminated. (3) In view of the problem of network "cover hole" caused by node failure in WSNs, this paper proposes a method based on minimum distance redundant node replacement The method comprises the following steps of: acquiring the position information of all the working nodes and the redundant nodes of the whole network by a sink node with an energy non-limitation, determining the area of the coverage hole by the position information of the fault node and the neighbor node, and calculating the maximum value of the coverage hole by the position information of the fault node and the neighbor node, the best repair location is to find a redundant node with the least distance from the location as an alternate node to join the network, thereby achieving the repair network The purpose of the fault is to put forward the Monte Carlo integral calculation method of network coverage, to describe the "cover hole" boundary of the network, to estimate the area of the irregular area by the method of probability sampling, and to realize the network coverage quality. then, according to the experimental data, the empirical formula of the network service life and the residual live ratio of the node, the network coverage rate and the network running time and the node residual live ratio experience formula are constructed, and the network design time is reasonable according to the parameters such as the monitoring area area, the network service life expectation, the network coverage rate and the like Number of nodes of UN-Women, mention The experimental results show that the fault repair method can obtain higher fault repair rate and better network coverage and can be effectively extended by the redundant nodes which are randomly deployed in advance. Long network life. In case of sufficient sampling, the error of network coverage is controlled within 5%, and the program is simple and easy to implement.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TP212.9;TN929.5

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