【摘要】：吞咽障礙是腦中風(fēng)、腦外傷等多種常見(jiàn)疾病的并發(fā)癥,嚴(yán)重的影響著患者的健康和生活質(zhì)量。由于吞咽過(guò)程的本質(zhì)是半自主的肌肉活動(dòng),所以,隨著先進(jìn)的表面肌電采集技術(shù)以及信號(hào)處理技術(shù)的發(fā)展,表面肌肉電信號(hào)(Surface electromyography, sEMG)在吞咽過(guò)程的分析中,因?yàn)槠錈o(wú)創(chuàng)性和安全性而受到了廣泛的關(guān)注。研究表明,吞咽障礙并不是與吞咽相關(guān)的神經(jīng)受損導(dǎo)致所有肌肉不能正常收縮的結(jié)果,可能是由于單個(gè)或部分肌肉得不到有效神經(jīng)控制,而不能正確收縮的結(jié)果。但是傳統(tǒng)的使用少數(shù)電極進(jìn)行吞咽過(guò)程肌電信號(hào)的分析技術(shù)并不能做到對(duì)受損肌肉進(jìn)行針對(duì)性檢查,臨床康復(fù)訓(xùn)練的效果并不理想。因此,本文利用多電極、高密度肌電電極陣列,全面、深入了解各種吞咽過(guò)程的電生理信息,對(duì)吞咽功能做出準(zhǔn)確的診斷和評(píng)價(jià),通過(guò)對(duì)動(dòng)態(tài)肌電信息的分析與比較,進(jìn)而了解引起吞咽障礙的受損肌群,提高其治療的針對(duì)性。但是,肌電產(chǎn)生自肌肉內(nèi)部,在肌電從產(chǎn)生傳遞到皮膚表面的過(guò)程中,不同來(lái)源的肌電信號(hào)發(fā)生了混疊,導(dǎo)致了高密度表面肌電信號(hào)低下的空間分辨率和特異性,難以獲得有效信息。在吞咽過(guò)程中,由于其涉及的肌肉之間距離接近,并且距離皮膚表面較深,混疊的影響尤其大。為了利用高密度分析方法的優(yōu)勢(shì)克服表面肌電存在的弊端,更好的對(duì)吞咽功能進(jìn)行評(píng)估,本文使用了動(dòng)態(tài)表面肌電電勢(shì)圖、盲源分離和溯源定位三類(lèi)方法,分別從時(shí)間和空間兩個(gè)方面進(jìn)行分析,得到了吞咽相關(guān)肌肉活動(dòng)的完整動(dòng)態(tài)電生理信息、初步了解了吞咽過(guò)程中吞咽肌群的協(xié)同工作模式、初步確定了引起吞咽異�；蛘系K的受損肌群,為吞咽功能障礙患者提供更加準(zhǔn)確、無(wú)創(chuàng)的吞咽功能檢測(cè)和評(píng)估手段。
[Abstract]:Dysphagia is a complication of many common diseases, such as cerebral apoplexy, brain trauma and so on, which seriously affects the health and quality of life of patients. Because the essence of swallowing process is semi-autonomous muscle activity, with the development of advanced surface EMG acquisition technology and signal processing technology, surface muscle electrical signal (Surface electromyography, sEMG) is in the analysis of swallowing process. Because of its noninvasive and safety, it has received extensive attention. Studies have shown that dysphagia is not the result of abnormal contraction of all muscles caused by nerve damage associated with swallowing, but may be due to the lack of effective neural control and incorrect contraction of single or partial muscles. However, the traditional analysis technique of EMG signals during swallowing with a few electrodes can not carry on the targeted examination to the damaged muscles, and the effect of clinical rehabilitation training is not ideal. Therefore, in this paper, the electrophysiological information of various swallowing processes is comprehensively and deeply understood by using multi-electrode and high density EMG electrode array, and the swallowing function is accurately diagnosed and evaluated, and the dynamic EMG information is analyzed and compared. Then understand the damaged muscle group which causes dysphagia and improve the pertinence of its treatment. However, EMG is generated from within the muscle, and in the process of EMG being transmitted to the surface of the skin, the EMG signals from different sources are mixed, which leads to the low spatial resolution and specificity of the EMG signal on the high density surface. It is difficult to obtain effective information. In the process of swallowing, because the distance between the muscles involved is close and the distance from the skin surface is deep, the influence of aliasing is especially great. In order to overcome the disadvantages of surface EMG and evaluate the swallowing function better by using the advantages of high density analysis method, three kinds of methods, dynamic surface EMG, blind source separation and traceability location, are used in this paper. Through the analysis of time and space, the complete dynamic electrophysiological information of swallowing related muscle activity was obtained, and the cooperative working mode of swallowing muscle group during swallowing was preliminarily understood. The damaged muscle groups causing abnormal or disordered swallowing were preliminarily determined, which provided a more accurate and noninvasive method for the detection and evaluation of swallowing function in patients with dysphagia.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：R49;TN911.6
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本文編號(hào)：2485928