【摘要】：無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)(WSN)的興起擴展了人與現(xiàn)實世界交互的能力,在軍事、防爆、救災(zāi)、環(huán)境、醫(yī)療等領(lǐng)域具有廣泛的應(yīng)用前景。無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)的應(yīng)用環(huán)境經(jīng)常是一些人類無法頻繁出入的惡劣環(huán)境,更換能量有限電池的可能性極小,一旦節(jié)點電池電量耗盡將導(dǎo)致其失效而退出網(wǎng)絡(luò),從而影響網(wǎng)絡(luò)監(jiān)測質(zhì)量甚至導(dǎo)致網(wǎng)絡(luò)癱瘓,因此延長節(jié)點使用壽命的問題亟待解決,尤其是保證重要數(shù)據(jù)可靠傳輸。本文通過分析目前能量管理策略的原理,將能量管理策略分為兩種類型,即開源和節(jié)流。本文從開源方面出發(fā)提出了兩種解決方案,即雙能源組合的節(jié)點自供電系統(tǒng)和WSN節(jié)點多電池調(diào)度算法。首先在深入分析目前能量轉(zhuǎn)換裝置和充電電池發(fā)展的基礎(chǔ)上,設(shè)計了一種以太陽能-風(fēng)能組合的采集模塊、超級電容-鋰電池互補的儲能模塊為特色的節(jié)點供電系統(tǒng)。考慮到電池具有速率容量效應(yīng)和恢復(fù)效應(yīng),本文提出一種基于電池剩余能量選擇供電電池的調(diào)度算法。為了減少SOC電路統(tǒng)計電池能耗帶來的系統(tǒng)復(fù)雜性和延遲性,本文提出一種基于ZigBee協(xié)議的節(jié)點能耗模型以計算電池的剩余能量。該模型采用節(jié)點工作電流、工作電壓、數(shù)據(jù)發(fā)送與數(shù)據(jù)接收時長等參數(shù)。無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)的目的是為用戶提供可靠的數(shù)據(jù)服務(wù),為了保證緊要數(shù)據(jù)的優(yōu)先傳輸同時均衡網(wǎng)絡(luò)中各個節(jié)點能耗,在IEEE802.15.4協(xié)議的基礎(chǔ)上提出一種基于優(yōu)先級的MAC協(xié)議。該協(xié)議通過改進數(shù)據(jù)幀格式實現(xiàn)了數(shù)據(jù)優(yōu)先級的攜帶,同時從改善節(jié)點電池工作方式和中繼節(jié)點的緩存隊列兩方面出發(fā),提出一種基于強度因子和負載率的節(jié)點動態(tài)優(yōu)先級的方法�；贘N5148射頻收發(fā)器搭建實驗平臺。通過該實驗平臺對基于ZigBee協(xié)議的節(jié)點能耗模型進行測試,測試網(wǎng)絡(luò)采用星型拓撲結(jié)構(gòu)。實驗結(jié)果表明：理論計算能耗和實驗測試能耗僅有1%的誤差,即節(jié)點能耗模型能夠準確計算無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)節(jié)點傳輸能耗代價和剩余工作壽命。采用MATLAB7.0對基于能量均衡的調(diào)度算法進行仿真,仿真結(jié)果表明：與順序調(diào)度相比,電池的釋放能量提高了將近75%；在沒有計算SOC電路的能耗前提下,與能量最大法相比也提高了將近2%,置信水平為85%。利用Matlab7.0對改進的MAC協(xié)議進行仿真,仿真結(jié)果表明：與IEEE 802.15.4MAC協(xié)議相比,網(wǎng)絡(luò)吞吐量提高了4.6%,網(wǎng)絡(luò)數(shù)據(jù)丟包率和網(wǎng)絡(luò)數(shù)據(jù)包平均延遲分別降低了24%和38%,而且緊要數(shù)據(jù)的優(yōu)先傳輸?shù)玫矫黠@的改善。
[Abstract]:The rise of wireless sensor network (WSN) expands the ability of human interaction with the real world, and has a wide application prospect in military, explosion-proof, disaster relief, environment, medical and other fields. The application environment of wireless sensor network is often a bad environment that cannot be accessed frequently by human beings. The possibility of replacing battery with limited energy is very small. Once the battery energy of nodes runs out, it will cause its failure and exit the network. Therefore, the problem of prolonging the service life of nodes is urgent to be solved, especially to ensure the reliable transmission of important data. By analyzing the principle of the current energy management strategy, this paper divides the energy management strategy into two types: open source and throttling. In this paper, two solutions are proposed from the point of view of open source, that is, the dual energy combination node self-supply system and the WSN node multi-cell scheduling algorithm. Firstly, based on the analysis of the current energy conversion devices and the development of rechargeable batteries, a kind of node power supply system is designed, which is based on the combination of solar and wind energy acquisition module and super capacitor-lithium battery complementary energy storage module. Considering the rate capacity effect and recovery effect of the battery, a scheduling algorithm based on battery residual energy selection is proposed. In order to reduce the system complexity and delay caused by SOC circuit statistics of battery energy consumption, a node energy consumption model based on ZigBee protocol is proposed in this paper to calculate the residual energy of the battery. The model uses parameters such as node working current, working voltage, time of data transmission and data receiving. The purpose of wireless sensor networks is to provide reliable data services for users. In order to ensure the priority transmission of critical data and equalize the energy consumption of each node in the network, a priority based MAC protocol is proposed on the basis of IEEE802.15.4 protocol. By improving the data frame format, the protocol realizes the carrying of the data priority. At the same time, it improves the battery working mode of the node and the buffer queue of the relay node. A method of dynamic priority of nodes based on strength factor and load rate is proposed. The experimental platform is built based on JN5148 RF transceiver. The model of node energy consumption based on ZigBee protocol is tested on the platform, and the network is based on star topology. The experimental results show that the theoretical energy consumption and the experimental energy consumption are only 1% error, that is, the node energy consumption model can accurately calculate the transmission energy cost and the remaining working life of wireless sensor network nodes. MATLAB7.0 is used to simulate the scheduling algorithm based on energy equalization. The simulation results show that compared with sequential scheduling, the energy released by the battery increases nearly 75%. Without calculating the energy consumption of the SOC circuit, the energy consumption is increased by nearly 2% compared with the maximum energy method, and the confidence level is 85%. Matlab7.0 is used to simulate the improved MAC protocol. The simulation results show that compared with the IEEE 802.15.4MAC protocol, the network throughput is increased by 4.6%, the network data packet loss rate and the average network packet latency are reduced by 24% and 38%, respectively. Moreover, priority transmission of critical data has been significantly improved.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：大連理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TN929.5;TP212.9

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