【摘要】：射頻識(shí)別(Radio Frequency Identification, RFID)技術(shù)是一種新興的短距離無線通信技術(shù)，其利用射頻通信實(shí)現(xiàn)非接觸式的自動(dòng)識(shí)別技術(shù)。此技術(shù)利用讀寫器上的天線和標(biāo)簽進(jìn)行通信，也就是讀寫器通過射頻信號(hào)給標(biāo)簽提供能量并激活標(biāo)簽，標(biāo)簽工作后將其儲(chǔ)存的信息返還給讀寫器，讀寫器再將讀取到的標(biāo)簽信息送給控制系統(tǒng)，控制系統(tǒng)根據(jù)具體應(yīng)用場(chǎng)合進(jìn)行一系列數(shù)據(jù)的處理、儲(chǔ)存以及管理。正因?yàn)槌哳l（Ultrahigh Frequency, UHF,860MHz~960MHz）標(biāo)簽具有非接觸、工作距離長、讀取速度快、適于惡劣環(huán)境、可識(shí)別運(yùn)動(dòng)目標(biāo)等優(yōu)點(diǎn)，射頻識(shí)別技術(shù)己被廣泛應(yīng)用于工業(yè)自動(dòng)化、商業(yè)自動(dòng)化、交通運(yùn)輸控制管理等眾多領(lǐng)域。 標(biāo)簽與閱讀器要實(shí)現(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)的無接觸通信，其主要利用讀寫器天線和標(biāo)簽天線之間的通信，因此在整個(gè)RFID系統(tǒng)中天線發(fā)揮著至關(guān)重要的作用。對(duì)于RFID系統(tǒng)來說，標(biāo)簽天線是最易變的部分，其受環(huán)境的影響較大，因此設(shè)計(jì)標(biāo)簽天線已經(jīng)逐漸成為新的研究熱點(diǎn)。目前現(xiàn)有的標(biāo)簽天線基本是偶極子結(jié)構(gòu)及其變形結(jié)構(gòu)，這種結(jié)構(gòu)的標(biāo)簽天線只能滿足通常應(yīng)用場(chǎng)合的需求，但是在特殊場(chǎng)合(如寬頻帶、小型化、抗金屬，高讀取率等)的應(yīng)用中，其阻抗匹配、增益、輻射效率、輻射方向圖等特性都會(huì)受到環(huán)境的影響而改變，從而導(dǎo)致標(biāo)簽工作性能降低，甚至無法使用。為了針對(duì)解決在不同物體表面UHF RFID標(biāo)簽的性能能夠不受環(huán)境的影響，從非金屬環(huán)境到金屬環(huán)境，，標(biāo)簽特性始終保持穩(wěn)定，本文在前人的基礎(chǔ)上，設(shè)計(jì)并研究了基于超材料的標(biāo)簽天線，為RFID標(biāo)簽天線在金屬環(huán)境的應(yīng)用做了一些探索性的研究。 超材料最近幾年一直是物理學(xué)和材料學(xué)研究的熱點(diǎn)之一，而微波光子晶體也作為一種新型的人工電磁材料具有獨(dú)特的性能，目前已廣泛的用于微波電路、天線的設(shè)計(jì)，且發(fā)揮了優(yōu)越的性能。目前將微波光子晶體運(yùn)用在標(biāo)簽天線的研究不是很多，而本文就是將微波光子晶體這一類型的超材料運(yùn)用于標(biāo)簽天線以改善天線的指標(biāo)和增加標(biāo)簽的抗金屬特性。 在緒論中，論文概述了RFID技術(shù)的研究背景，簡述了RFID系統(tǒng)的發(fā)展歷程和組成，探討了標(biāo)簽的研究現(xiàn)狀及發(fā)展趨勢(shì)。第二章全面系統(tǒng)的闡述了電磁場(chǎng)理論和標(biāo)簽天線的基本理論，并說明了標(biāo)簽天線阻抗、帶寬、輻射方向圖和功率傳輸系數(shù)等重要參數(shù)，介紹了標(biāo)簽的仿真設(shè)計(jì)方法、制作工藝和阻抗測(cè)量方法以及制作了標(biāo)簽測(cè)試轉(zhuǎn)換裝置。第三章簡要敘述了超材料概念和特性，就微波光子晶體做了詳細(xì)的分析并設(shè)計(jì)了反射相位0在915MHz的電磁帶隙結(jié)構(gòu)（EBG, Electromagnetic Band gap）單元。第四章首先研究了Alien Higgs-3這款芯片，其阻抗的共軛值作為后續(xù)設(shè)計(jì)標(biāo)簽天線阻抗值。然后研究與設(shè)計(jì)仿真了四個(gè)標(biāo)簽天線，分別是變形偶極子標(biāo)簽天線、加載開口諧振環(huán)的標(biāo)簽天線、分形標(biāo)簽天線和圓極化標(biāo)簽天線。變形偶極子標(biāo)簽天線結(jié)構(gòu)比較簡單，但是相對(duì)于加載開口諧振環(huán)的標(biāo)簽天線和分形標(biāo)簽天線來說其尺寸大，設(shè)計(jì)此標(biāo)簽主要是便于天線之間的對(duì)比。圓極化標(biāo)簽天線的設(shè)計(jì)主要是為了增加讀取率和減少極化損失。文中設(shè)計(jì)的一款圓極化標(biāo)簽天線，其圓極化性能很好，且軸比帶寬70MHz，相對(duì)于以往的圓極化天線，此標(biāo)簽天線帶寬比較寬。本文中制作了三款標(biāo)簽天線的實(shí)物，并在兩種環(huán)境下，對(duì)標(biāo)簽天線進(jìn)行了阻抗測(cè)試。最后，將上述設(shè)計(jì)的EBG結(jié)構(gòu)運(yùn)用于上述設(shè)計(jì)的標(biāo)簽天線中，并仿真調(diào)試，最終在HFSS軟件中模擬實(shí)際金屬環(huán)境，發(fā)現(xiàn)基于EBG的標(biāo)簽天線基本不受影響，同時(shí)也發(fā)現(xiàn)基于EBG周期結(jié)構(gòu)的標(biāo)簽天線的增益比沒有加載EBG的標(biāo)簽天線增加了將近3dB，驗(yàn)證了EBG周期結(jié)構(gòu)的同向反射特性，也證實(shí)了超材料在標(biāo)簽天線抗金屬和遠(yuǎn)距離的作用。
[Abstract]:Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology is an emerging short-range wireless communication technology, which uses RF communication to realize non-contact automatic identification technology. The technology utilizes the antenna and the label on the reader-writer to carry out communication, namely, the reader-writer provides energy to the label through the radio-frequency signal and activates the label, the information stored in the reader-writer is returned to the reader-writer after the label is operated, the reader-writer then sends the read label information to the control system, the control system is used for processing, storing and managing a series of data according to the specific application occasions. Because the ultra-high frequency (UHF, 860MHz-1 MHz) tag has the advantages of non-contact, long working distance, fast reading speed, suitable for harsh environment, and can identify the moving target and the like, the radio frequency identification technology has been widely applied to industrial automation, business automation, Transportation control management, etc. The tag and reader are not in contact with the reader, which mainly utilizes the communication between the reader-writer antenna and the tag antenna, so that the antenna plays an important role in the whole RFID system. in that case of the RFID system, the tag antenna is the most volatile part, which is influenced by the environment, so that the design of the tag antenna has gradually become a new research heat the conventional tag antenna is basically a dipole structure and a deformation structure thereof, and the tag antenna of the structure can only meet the requirements of a common application occasion, but in the application of special occasions (such as wide band, miniaturization, anti-metal, high reading rate and the like), the impedance matching and the increasing of the tag antenna the characteristics of the benefits, the radiation efficiency, the radiation pattern, and the like can be changed by the influence of the environment, so that the working performance of the label is reduced, In order to solve the problem that the performance of the UHF RFID tag on the surface of different objects can not be affected by the environment, from the non-metallic environment to the metal environment, the characteristics of the labels are always stable, The paper has made some exploratory research on the application of RFID tag antenna in the metal environment In recent years, the super-material has been one of the hot spots in the study of physics and materials, and the microwave photonic crystal has a unique performance as a new type of artificial electromagnetic material. It has been widely used in the design of microwave circuit and antenna, and has played an excellent role. The application of the microwave photonic crystal in the label antenna is not a lot, and the paper is to apply the supermaterial of this type of microwave photonic crystal to the tag antenna to improve the antenna's index and to increase the anti-gold of the tag. In the introduction, the paper summarizes the research background of RFID technology, introduces the development course and composition of the RFID system, and probes into the research status of the label. In the second chapter, the basic theory of the electromagnetic field theory and the label antenna is described in the second chapter, and the important parameters such as the impedance, the bandwidth, the radiation pattern and the power transmission coefficient of the tag antenna are described. The simulation of the label is introduced. true design method, fabrication process and impedance measurement method, and label measurement In the third chapter, the concept and characteristics of the metamaterial are briefly described. The microwave photonic crystal is analyzed in detail and the electromagnetic band gap structure (EBG, Electro-magnetic Band g) with a reflection phase of 0 at 915MHz is designed. ap) The fourth chapter first studies the Aden Higgs-3 chip with the impedance of the chip as a follow-up design label the antenna impedance value is then studied and designed, and the four tag antennas are researched and designed, namely a deformation dipole label antenna, a label antenna for loading an opening resonant ring, a fractal label antenna and a circular pole, the structure of the deformed dipole label antenna is relatively simple, but the size of the tag antenna and the fractal label antenna with respect to the resonant ring of the loading opening is large, the design of the tag is mainly convenient for the antenna, The design of the circular polarized label antenna is mainly to increase the reading rate and the deceleration. Low polarization loss. A circular polarized label antenna is designed in this paper, its circular polarization performance is good, and the axial ratio is 70MHz. Compared with the prior circular polarized antenna, this label antenna The bandwidth is wide. In this paper, the real object of the three-section tag antenna is made, and the tag antenna is carried out in two environments. and finally, applying the designed EBG structure in the designed tag antenna and simulating the debugging, finally simulating the actual metal environment in the HFSS software, and finding the tag antenna base based on the EBG This is not affected, and at the same time, it is also found that the gain of the tag antenna based on the EBG cycle structure is increased by nearly 3dB than that of the tag antenna without the EBG, and the same directional reflection characteristic of the EBG periodic structure is verified, and the anti-metal and far-distance of the metamaterial in the tag antenna are also confirmed.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：杭州電子科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TN822;TP391.44

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