【摘要】：光子晶體是由兩種及兩種以上不同介電常數(shù)的介質(zhì)周期性排列而得，是1987年由S.John和E.Yablonovitch分別獨(dú)立提出的。光子晶體最重要的特性是光子禁帶(Photonic Band-Gap，簡(jiǎn)稱PBG)。由于在光學(xué)波段的光子晶體尺度小，不易加工制造，因此將其擴(kuò)展到微波頻段(300MHz~300GHz)后，微波光子晶體得到了快速發(fā)展。微波光子晶體常用于光子晶體反射鏡、寬帶帶阻濾波器、激光振蕩器、多通濾波器、光子晶體光纖、光子晶體微帶天線等領(lǐng)域。其中對(duì)光子晶體微帶天線的研究是近年來新興的一個(gè)領(lǐng)域，目前已成為世界各國(guó)科研工作者的研究熱點(diǎn)。 本文首先對(duì)光子晶體的禁帶特性進(jìn)行研究分析，通過Rsoft公司的BandSolve軟件對(duì)微波光子晶體進(jìn)行建模，研究對(duì)象分別為介質(zhì)柱及空氣孔型的二維微波光子晶體結(jié)構(gòu)。數(shù)值分析主要采用平面波分析法。在正方晶格的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行改進(jìn)，設(shè)計(jì)了一種可以提升正方晶格禁帶寬度的新型結(jié)構(gòu)，并稱其為內(nèi)嵌結(jié)構(gòu)。具體結(jié)構(gòu)細(xì)節(jié)在第三章中有詳細(xì)的分析。 其次，，將介質(zhì)柱型和空氣孔型的內(nèi)嵌結(jié)構(gòu)光子晶體禁帶寬度與同參數(shù)下正方晶格禁帶寬度進(jìn)行了對(duì)比實(shí)驗(yàn)研究，結(jié)果表明：對(duì)于介質(zhì)柱型光子晶體，無論截面是圓形、方形、還是六邊形，其TE、TM及完全禁帶的禁帶寬度均比內(nèi)嵌結(jié)構(gòu)的窄。內(nèi)嵌結(jié)構(gòu)光子晶體在提高原來正方晶格禁帶寬度的同時(shí)，也使本無完全禁帶的正方柱和六邊柱型光子晶體產(chǎn)生完全禁帶。而對(duì)于空氣孔型光子晶體，截面為圓形、六邊形內(nèi)嵌結(jié)構(gòu)光子晶體的TE、TM及完全禁帶的禁帶寬度均大于正方晶格的；又將內(nèi)嵌結(jié)構(gòu)光子晶體與三角晶格光子晶體的完全禁帶寬度進(jìn)行了比較研究，結(jié)論為：在多數(shù)情況下，內(nèi)嵌結(jié)構(gòu)光子晶體的完全禁帶寬度要寬于三角晶格的，也使得三角晶格中本無完全禁帶的圓形柱和六邊柱光子晶體產(chǎn)生完全禁帶。 最后，將內(nèi)嵌結(jié)構(gòu)光子晶體應(yīng)用于雙頻微帶天線中，并對(duì)改進(jìn)后的微帶天線特性進(jìn)行了研究分析。經(jīng)過仿真和實(shí)測(cè)，新型天線的增益提高約2dB，回波損耗減少30.6617dB，方向圖主瓣增加，背瓣最大處減少15dB左右，天線具有了更好的阻抗特性和輻射特性。天線性能的改善程度均優(yōu)于將普通正方晶格、三角晶格光子晶體應(yīng)用到微帶天線中的結(jié)果。由此得出，將內(nèi)嵌結(jié)構(gòu)光子晶體應(yīng)用到微帶天線中，可以有效抑制天線的表面波，提高天線的增益，使天線的方向圖有所改善。
[Abstract]:Photonic crystals, which are arranged periodically by two or more kinds of dielectric with different dielectric constants, were proposed by S.John and E.Yablonovitch in 1987, respectively. The most important characteristic of photonic crystals is the photonic band gap (Photonic Band-Gap,). Since photonic crystals in optical band are small in scale and difficult to be machined, microwave photonic crystals have been developed rapidly after being extended to microwave frequency band (300MHz~300GHz). Microwave photonic crystals are often used in the fields of photonic crystal mirror, broadband bandstop filter, laser oscillator, multipass filter, photonic crystal fiber, photonic crystal microstrip antenna and so on. The research of photonic crystal microstrip antenna is a new field in recent years. In this paper, the band gap characteristics of photonic crystals are studied and analyzed, and the microwave photonic crystals are modeled by Rsoft's BandSolve software. The two dimensional microwave photonic crystal structures with dielectric columns and air holes are studied respectively. The numerical analysis is mainly based on plane wave analysis. Based on the improvement of square lattice, a new structure which can increase the bandgap of square lattice is designed, which is called inline structure. The details of the structure are analyzed in detail in Chapter 3. Secondly, the bandgap of embedded photonic crystals with dielectric columns and air holes is compared with that of square lattice with the same parameters. The results show that for dielectric columnar photonic crystals, no matter the cross section is circular or square, Or hexagonal, its TE,TM and complete band gap width are narrower than the embedded structure. The embedded photonic crystal not only increases the band gap of the original square lattice, but also makes the square column and hexagonal photonic crystal without complete band gap produce complete band gap. For the air-porous photonic crystal, the cross section is circular, the TE,TM and the band gap width of the hexagonal embedded photonic crystal are larger than those of the square lattice. The complete band gap of embedded photonic crystal is compared with that of triangular lattice photonic crystal. It is concluded that in most cases, the complete band gap of embedded photonic crystal is wider than that of triangular lattice. It also makes circular and hexagonal photonic crystals without complete band gap in triangular lattice to produce complete band gap. Finally, the embedded photonic crystal is applied to the dual-frequency microstrip antenna, and the characteristics of the improved microstrip antenna are studied and analyzed. The results of simulation and measurement show that the gain of the new antenna is increased by about 2 dB, the echo loss is reduced by 30.6617 dB, the main lobe of the pattern is increased, and the 15dB is reduced at the maximum of the back lobe. The antenna has better impedance and radiation characteristics. The improvement of antenna performance is better than that of ordinary square lattice and triangular lattice photonic crystal applied to microstrip antenna. It is concluded that applying embedded photonic crystal to microstrip antenna can effectively suppress the surface wave of antenna, improve the gain of antenna and improve the pattern of antenna.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TN822

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