發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-12-20 14:15

【摘要】：拾振器和水聽器是聲信號(hào)探測領(lǐng)域的主要工具。但其靈敏度較低,不能有效探測到微弱低頻的聲信號(hào)。但是利用現(xiàn)代的激光測量技術(shù),例如激光干涉儀,就可以檢測低頻微弱聲信號(hào)。本文對(duì)激光干涉測量技術(shù)進(jìn)行了相關(guān)理論推導(dǎo)和實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證。首先,本文簡明扼要地介紹了幾種激光測量技術(shù)的原理,以及國內(nèi)外不同類型的激光測量設(shè)備,同時(shí)列舉了其各自的特點(diǎn)和參數(shù)。其次,本文研究了幾種光學(xué)計(jì)算方法,特別是用來計(jì)算干涉現(xiàn)象的瓊斯矩陣法。在此基礎(chǔ)上利用瓊斯矩陣對(duì)偏振型干涉儀進(jìn)行了理論推導(dǎo)。同時(shí)對(duì)激光干涉儀的調(diào)制解調(diào)算法進(jìn)行了研究,對(duì)PGC算法中的有關(guān)參數(shù)進(jìn)行了討論和研究。再次,根據(jù)實(shí)際情況,設(shè)計(jì)制作了一套干涉測量系統(tǒng),并對(duì)光學(xué)器件的材料和相關(guān)參數(shù)進(jìn)行研究。根據(jù)設(shè)計(jì)指標(biāo)要求,對(duì)壓電陶瓷PZT及其放大電路和光電探測器的參數(shù)和性能進(jìn)行了研究,并且設(shè)計(jì)了后續(xù)的采集傳輸以及后處理系統(tǒng)。最后,對(duì)激光干涉儀的主要光學(xué)元件的性能進(jìn)行測試。利用加速度計(jì)和納米位移臺(tái)對(duì)干涉儀進(jìn)行校驗(yàn),驗(yàn)證其測量精度和頻率準(zhǔn)確性。最后分析了測量結(jié)果中的噪聲情況,并找出測量過程中的干擾源。提出了后續(xù)改進(jìn)設(shè)想。本文研究了激光干涉儀理論計(jì)算方法、信號(hào)調(diào)制解調(diào)方法,整套測量設(shè)備的設(shè)計(jì)方法。構(gòu)建了一整套激光干涉測量系統(tǒng),經(jīng)測試可以在實(shí)驗(yàn)室,水池以及外場進(jìn)行低頻聲信號(hào)探測。干涉儀能夠探測到低頻弱聲聲信號(hào),分辨率和動(dòng)態(tài)范圍達(dá)到設(shè)計(jì)要求,整套系統(tǒng)工作穩(wěn)定。
[Abstract]:Vibration pickups and hydrophones are the main tools in the field of acoustic signal detection. But its sensitivity is low, it can not detect weak low frequency sound signal effectively. But using modern laser measurement techniques, such as laser interferometers, low-frequency weak acoustic signals can be detected. The related theoretical derivation and experimental verification of laser interferometry technology are presented in this paper. Firstly, the principle of several laser measuring techniques and different kinds of laser measuring equipments at home and abroad are briefly introduced in this paper, and their respective characteristics and parameters are also listed. Secondly, several optical methods are studied, especially the Jones matrix method, which is used to calculate the interference phenomena. On this basis, the polarization interferometer is derived theoretically by Jones matrix. At the same time, the modulation and demodulation algorithm of laser interferometer is studied, and the related parameters in PGC algorithm are discussed and studied. Thirdly, according to the actual situation, a set of interferometric measurement system is designed, and the materials and related parameters of optical devices are studied. According to the design requirements, the parameters and performance of piezoelectric ceramic PZT and its amplifying circuit and photodetector are studied, and the subsequent acquisition, transmission and post-processing system are designed. Finally, the performance of the main optical components of the laser interferometer is tested. The interferometer is calibrated with accelerometer and nanometer displacement table to verify the accuracy of measurement and frequency. Finally, the noise in the measurement results is analyzed, and the interference sources in the measurement process are found out. The idea of further improvement is put forward. In this paper, the theoretical calculation method, signal modulation and demodulation method of laser interferometer and the design method of the whole measuring equipment are studied. A set of laser interferometry system is constructed, which can detect low frequency acoustic signal in laboratory, pool and field. The interferometer can detect low frequency weak sound signal, the resolution and dynamic range meet the design requirements, and the whole system works stably.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工程大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TH744.3;TN911.23

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