【摘要】：近年來,伴隨著經濟的飛速發(fā)展,全國范圍內的大規(guī)模的制造業(yè)的不斷擴大、以及建筑活動的增多,都不同程度地加劇了對環(huán)境大氣的污染。當大氣中的粉塵、固體顆粒等濃度較高、氣體渾濁時,能見度即會下降,形成所謂的霧霾天氣,極大地影響了人們的生產生活和身心健康。 在這樣的情況下,對于環(huán)境大氣環(huán)境中顆粒物監(jiān)測的需求就應然而生。環(huán)境大氣顆粒監(jiān)測的地理范圍很廣,現場環(huán)境各異,傳統的空氣質量監(jiān)測系統一般采用在固定監(jiān)測點監(jiān)測,然后經過有線網絡系統傳遞至數據監(jiān)控中心進行匯總,需要人工干預監(jiān)測活動,受地理條件影響很大。且事先設置好的監(jiān)測地點不易變化,靈活性較差。為了能方便有效地監(jiān)測不同地點的環(huán)境大氣數據并集中匯總,以及時采取應對措施,采用無線網絡技術實施遠程監(jiān)測。這樣技術人員無須親臨現場即可在遠程控制中心實時了解各地大氣灰塵顆粒物等環(huán)境參數的變化情況,并對現場的異常情況作出實時響應。同時還可以使用相應的PC電腦軟件對數據進行分析處理。另外整個監(jiān)測系統不需要人員干預操作即可實現自動工作,達到系統的智能監(jiān)控運行。 基于此,本文采用Zigbee無線傳感器網絡技術完成了針對大氣顆粒監(jiān)測的系統方案設計研究。首先,在分析大氣污染物的基礎上,探討了幾種灰塵顆粒監(jiān)測的技術方法；其次,在完成系統總體架構設計的基礎上,采用模塊化設計方法,重點闡述了無線傳感節(jié)點以及網絡中心節(jié)點的設計：選用了基于光散射技術的DSM501大氣顆粒監(jiān)測傳感器以及空氣溫濕度傳感器SHT10作為相關探測傳感單元,用基于ARM架構的ATmega1281微處理器作為節(jié)點的核心處理單元,采用了Atmel公司生產的支持Zigbee協議的AT86RF230無線射頻收發(fā)芯片來完成數據的無線傳輸；再次,完成了系統的運行軟件設計編寫,并對其中的部分重點程序進行了詳細闡述；最后,通過搭建網絡系統,采集實地數據進行分析,完成了系統的測試和驗證,實現了預期的終端數據采集、網絡模塊數據傳輸等系統功能。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the rapid development of economy, the continuous expansion of large-scale manufacturing industry and the increase of construction activities, the pollution to the environment and atmosphere has been aggravated to some extent. When the concentration of dust and solid particles in the atmosphere is high and the gas is turbid, the visibility will decrease, and the so-called haze weather will be formed, which will greatly affect people's production and life and their physical and mental health. In such cases, the need for particulate matter monitoring in the ambient atmosphere should arise. The geographical range of atmospheric particle monitoring is very wide, and the field environment is different. The traditional air quality monitoring system is usually monitored at a fixed monitoring point, and then transmitted to the data monitoring center through a wired network system for collection. The need for manual intervention in monitoring activities is greatly affected by geographical conditions. And the monitoring sites set up in advance are not easy to change, and the flexibility is poor. In order to conveniently and effectively monitor the environmental atmospheric data in different locations and gather them together, the wireless network technology is used to carry out remote monitoring in order to take timely response measures. In this way, the technicians can know the changes of environmental parameters such as atmospheric dust particles and other environmental parameters in the remote control center in real time, and make a real time response to the abnormal situation in the field. At the same time, we can use the corresponding PC computer software to analyze and process the data. In addition, the whole monitoring system can work automatically without personnel intervention, and achieve the intelligent monitoring and operation of the system. Based on this, this paper uses Zigbee wireless sensor network technology to complete the system design research for atmospheric particle monitoring. Firstly, based on the analysis of atmospheric pollutants, several technical methods of dust particle monitoring are discussed. Secondly, on the basis of completing the overall architecture design of the system, the modular design method is adopted. The design of wireless sensor node and network center node is emphasized. The DSM501 atmospheric particle monitoring sensor based on light scattering technology and the air temperature and humidity sensor SHT10 are selected as the relative sensing unit. The ATmega1281 microprocessor based on ARM architecture is used as the core processing unit of the node, and the AT86RF230 radio frequency transceiver chip which supports the Zigbee protocol produced by Atmel company is used to complete the wireless transmission of data. Thirdly, the software design of the system is completed, and some of the key programs are described in detail. Finally, through building the network system, collecting the field data for analysis, the system is tested and verified, and the expected terminal data acquisition, network module data transmission and other system functions are realized.
【學位授予單位】：大連理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：X84;TN929.5;TP212.9

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