量子簽名協(xié)議的設(shè)計(jì)與分析
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-11-28 10:37
【摘要】：數(shù)字簽名是現(xiàn)代密碼學(xué)的一個(gè)重要的分支,在信息安全領(lǐng)域中有著廣泛的應(yīng)用。數(shù)字簽名能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)身份認(rèn)證、數(shù)據(jù)完整性保護(hù)以及不可否認(rèn)服務(wù)的功能。隨著信息不斷面向數(shù)字化和網(wǎng)絡(luò)化的快速發(fā)展,隨之而來(lái)的信息安全問(wèn)題也是我們面臨的亟待解決的問(wèn)題。傳統(tǒng)意義上的信息安全主要依靠經(jīng)典密碼體制為其提供安全性保障。但隨著計(jì)算機(jī)運(yùn)算能力的不斷提高,以各種數(shù)學(xué)難題的計(jì)算復(fù)雜性為基礎(chǔ)的經(jīng)典密碼體制,遭遇到了前所未有的沖擊。融入了量子力學(xué)的量子密碼學(xué),相對(duì)于經(jīng)典密碼的計(jì)算安全而言,可以達(dá)到無(wú)條件安全,因而受到了越來(lái)越多的青睞和廣泛的關(guān)注。其中,量子簽名協(xié)議融合了量子密碼學(xué)和數(shù)字簽名技術(shù),彌補(bǔ)了普通數(shù)字簽名在安全性上的不足之處,廣泛應(yīng)用在電子現(xiàn)金和電子合同等電子支付系統(tǒng)中。 在本文中,我們以當(dāng)下熱門的量子簽名為研究方向,根據(jù)不同的應(yīng)用場(chǎng)景下的不同需求,設(shè)計(jì)以及分析改進(jìn)了多種量子簽名協(xié)議,如量子盲簽名、量子群簽名、帶有仲裁的量子簽名等具體如下： 在量子盲簽名方面,我們提出了第一個(gè)基于雙態(tài)向量形式的量子盲簽名協(xié)議,通過(guò)雙態(tài)向量形式,我們可以根據(jù)兩次測(cè)量的結(jié)果,來(lái)推測(cè)兩次測(cè)量之間的量子系統(tǒng)的狀態(tài),相對(duì)于普通的量子態(tài)演變的刻畫,這種刻畫更加的完善,我們利用這種新的量子系統(tǒng)的刻畫,通過(guò)兩次測(cè)量之間量子態(tài)的關(guān)聯(lián)關(guān)系來(lái)完成盲簽名協(xié)議的設(shè)計(jì),較之前的協(xié)議而言,該協(xié)議具有更高的驗(yàn)證效率。之后,我們對(duì)Yang等人對(duì)此協(xié)議的改進(jìn)協(xié)議進(jìn)行了分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)并指出了其改進(jìn)協(xié)議具有安全性漏洞,不能抵抗參與者攻擊方案,并根據(jù)他們的建議,完善了我們的協(xié)議。另外,針對(duì)基于會(huì)話的盲簽名方案中,我們從信息論角度出發(fā),指出了量子簽名協(xié)議設(shè)計(jì)中經(jīng)常忽略的信息泄露問(wèn)題,特別是密鑰信息的泄露是很重要的安全性問(wèn)題,并在此基礎(chǔ)上,我們提出了增加部分不確定性來(lái)補(bǔ)充信息熵的改進(jìn)方法,減少攻擊者對(duì)密鑰信息的獲取。 在量子群簽名方面,我們對(duì)一種基于隱形傳態(tài)的量子群簽名進(jìn)行了分析,并指出該類基于隱形傳態(tài)設(shè)計(jì)的協(xié)議中,共有的安全性問(wèn)題,即如何安全地分發(fā)初始的量子糾纏態(tài)。我們結(jié)合目前較為前沿的量子反直觀方案,實(shí)現(xiàn)在沒(méi)有光子通過(guò)量子信道的情況下,三方或者兩方可以安全地共享量子糾纏,提高了協(xié)議的安全性。 在有仲裁的量子簽名方面,我們利用量子單向函數(shù)改進(jìn)了一種帶有仲裁的量子簽名協(xié)議。從而避免了攻擊者都可以任意偽造合法的量子簽名的問(wèn)題,而量子單向函數(shù)的應(yīng)用可以有效地避免目前已知的帶有仲裁的量子簽名的模型的不安全性。
[Abstract]:Digital signature is an important branch of modern cryptography and is widely used in the field of information security. Digital signature can achieve identity authentication, data integrity protection and non-repudiation services. With the rapid development of information oriented to digital and network, the problem of information security is also an urgent problem we face. The information security in the traditional sense mainly depends on the classical cryptosystem to provide the security guarantee for it. However, with the improvement of computer computing ability, the classical cryptosystem, which is based on the computational complexity of various mathematical problems, has encountered an unprecedented impact. Quantum cryptography, which is integrated with quantum mechanics, can achieve unconditional security compared with the computational security of classical cryptography, so it has attracted more and more attention. The quantum signature protocol combines quantum cryptography and digital signature technology, which makes up for the shortcomings of general digital signature in security. It is widely used in electronic payment systems such as electronic cash and electronic contract. In this paper, we design and improve a variety of quantum signature protocols, such as blind quantum signature, quantum group signature, according to the different requirements of different application scenarios, taking the current popular quantum signature as the research direction, and according to the different requirements of different application scenarios, we design and improve a variety of quantum signature protocols, such as quantum blind signature, quantum group signature. The quantum signature with arbitration is as follows: in the aspect of quantum blind signature, we propose the first quantum blind signature protocol based on two-state vector form. To speculate on the state of the quantum system between measurements, which is more perfect than the characterization of the evolution of ordinary quantum states, we use this new characterization of quantum systems. The blind signature protocol is designed by the correlation of quantum states between two measurements. Compared with the previous protocol, the protocol has higher verification efficiency. After that, we analyze the improved protocol of Yang et al., and find out that the improved protocol has security vulnerabilities and can not resist the participant attack scheme. According to their suggestions, we improve our protocol. In addition, in view of the blind signature scheme based on session, we point out the problem of information leakage which is often neglected in the design of quantum signature protocol from the angle of information theory, especially the key information disclosure is an important security problem. On this basis, we propose an improved method of adding some uncertainties to supplement the information entropy, which can reduce the access to key information by attackers. In the aspect of quantum group signature, we analyze a kind of quantum group signature based on teleportation, and point out the common security problem in this kind of protocol based on teleportation, that is, how to distribute the initial quantum entangled state safely. Combining with the current advanced quantum anti-intuitive scheme, we realize that the quantum entanglement can be safely shared between the three or two parties without photon passing through the quantum channel, which improves the security of the protocol. In the case of quantum signature with arbitration, we improve a quantum signature protocol with arbitration by using quantum unidirectional function. Thus, the problem of arbitrary forgery of legitimate quantum signature can be avoided, and the application of quantum unidirectional function can effectively avoid the insecurity of known models with arbitration quantum signature.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京郵電大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：O413.1;TN918.91
本文編號(hào)：2362596
[Abstract]:Digital signature is an important branch of modern cryptography and is widely used in the field of information security. Digital signature can achieve identity authentication, data integrity protection and non-repudiation services. With the rapid development of information oriented to digital and network, the problem of information security is also an urgent problem we face. The information security in the traditional sense mainly depends on the classical cryptosystem to provide the security guarantee for it. However, with the improvement of computer computing ability, the classical cryptosystem, which is based on the computational complexity of various mathematical problems, has encountered an unprecedented impact. Quantum cryptography, which is integrated with quantum mechanics, can achieve unconditional security compared with the computational security of classical cryptography, so it has attracted more and more attention. The quantum signature protocol combines quantum cryptography and digital signature technology, which makes up for the shortcomings of general digital signature in security. It is widely used in electronic payment systems such as electronic cash and electronic contract. In this paper, we design and improve a variety of quantum signature protocols, such as blind quantum signature, quantum group signature, according to the different requirements of different application scenarios, taking the current popular quantum signature as the research direction, and according to the different requirements of different application scenarios, we design and improve a variety of quantum signature protocols, such as quantum blind signature, quantum group signature. The quantum signature with arbitration is as follows: in the aspect of quantum blind signature, we propose the first quantum blind signature protocol based on two-state vector form. To speculate on the state of the quantum system between measurements, which is more perfect than the characterization of the evolution of ordinary quantum states, we use this new characterization of quantum systems. The blind signature protocol is designed by the correlation of quantum states between two measurements. Compared with the previous protocol, the protocol has higher verification efficiency. After that, we analyze the improved protocol of Yang et al., and find out that the improved protocol has security vulnerabilities and can not resist the participant attack scheme. According to their suggestions, we improve our protocol. In addition, in view of the blind signature scheme based on session, we point out the problem of information leakage which is often neglected in the design of quantum signature protocol from the angle of information theory, especially the key information disclosure is an important security problem. On this basis, we propose an improved method of adding some uncertainties to supplement the information entropy, which can reduce the access to key information by attackers. In the aspect of quantum group signature, we analyze a kind of quantum group signature based on teleportation, and point out the common security problem in this kind of protocol based on teleportation, that is, how to distribute the initial quantum entangled state safely. Combining with the current advanced quantum anti-intuitive scheme, we realize that the quantum entanglement can be safely shared between the three or two parties without photon passing through the quantum channel, which improves the security of the protocol. In the case of quantum signature with arbitration, we improve a quantum signature protocol with arbitration by using quantum unidirectional function. Thus, the problem of arbitrary forgery of legitimate quantum signature can be avoided, and the application of quantum unidirectional function can effectively avoid the insecurity of known models with arbitration quantum signature.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京郵電大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：O413.1;TN918.91
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，本文編號(hào)：2362596
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