【摘要】：沙漠、森林、峽谷等大規(guī)模監(jiān)測場景下,無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡中采集節(jié)點往往采用電池供電,當電池電量耗盡后,如果不更換電池或充電,節(jié)點就會失效,因此,能耗成為決定系統(tǒng)壽命最重要的性能指標,非常有必要設計一種適合于無線采集節(jié)點的能量評估方法,用于預測節(jié)點在各種模式和場合下的生存周期,同時對節(jié)點采集信息、處理數(shù)據(jù)、無線通信等各個階段進行能耗定量分析,進而設計出相應的節(jié)能方法。針對無線采集節(jié)點能耗評估問題,研究了一種基于功耗狀態(tài)模型的節(jié)點生存模式評估方法。首先指出了典型的無線采集節(jié)點結構組成,分析各個組成單元狀態(tài)與能耗之間的關系,建立基于節(jié)點工作狀態(tài)的功耗狀態(tài)模型,實現(xiàn)了節(jié)點能耗定量計算,給出節(jié)點生存模式通用評估方法。結合三種常用的無線采集節(jié)點生存模式實驗用例,在振動檢測實驗平臺上進行相關參數(shù)測量與驗證。實驗數(shù)據(jù)表明,該方法可為無線采集節(jié)點能耗分析與節(jié)能優(yōu)化提供較為可靠的依據(jù)。在基于功耗狀態(tài)模型的節(jié)點生存模式評估方法中將節(jié)點工作狀態(tài)轉移假設為人為規(guī)定的,這在一定程度上增加了評估節(jié)點生存時間的復雜度。為了方便研究,將節(jié)點狀態(tài)轉移假設為一種隨機事件,同時將節(jié)點狀態(tài)轉移抽象為半馬爾可夫過程,研究了一種基于半馬爾可夫鏈模型的節(jié)點生存時間評估方法,分別計算了在中斷驅動和調度驅動節(jié)點模型下生存時間以及關鍵影響因素,最后在振動檢測實驗平臺上對這種模型進行了驗證。實驗數(shù)據(jù)表明,該方法可以快速有效的對無線采集節(jié)點生存時間進行預測。
[Abstract]:In large-scale monitoring scenarios such as deserts, forests, canyons and other large-scale monitoring scenarios, the collection nodes in wireless sensor networks tend to use battery-powered power. When the battery runs out, if the battery is not replaced or charged, the nodes will fail, so, Energy consumption is the most important performance index to determine the life of the system. It is necessary to design an energy evaluation method suitable for wireless acquisition nodes to predict the lifetime of nodes in various modes and situations, and to collect information for nodes at the same time. Data processing, wireless communication and other stages of energy consumption quantitative analysis, and then designed the corresponding energy saving methods. In order to evaluate the energy consumption of wireless acquisition nodes, a node survival mode evaluation method based on power state model is studied. Firstly, the typical structure of wireless acquisition nodes is pointed out, and the relationship between the states of each component unit and energy consumption is analyzed, and a power consumption state model based on the working state of nodes is established, and the quantitative calculation of node energy consumption is realized. A general evaluation method of node survival mode is presented. Combined with three commonly used experimental cases of survival mode of wireless acquisition nodes, the related parameters were measured and verified on the vibration detection experiment platform. Experimental data show that this method can provide reliable basis for energy consumption analysis and energy saving optimization of wireless acquisition nodes. In the evaluation method of node survival mode based on power state model, the assumption of node working state transition is prescribed, which increases the complexity of evaluating node survival time to a certain extent. In order to facilitate the research, the node state transition is assumed to be a random event, and the node state transition is abstracted as a semi-Markov process. A node survival time evaluation method based on the semi-Markov chain model is studied. The survival time and the key influencing factors under the models of interrupt drive and scheduling drive are calculated respectively. Finally, the model is verified on the vibration detection experiment platform. Experimental data show that the proposed method can predict the survival time of wireless acquisition nodes quickly and effectively.
【學位授予單位】：合肥工業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TN929.5;TP212.9

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