【摘要】：由于超材料具有一些天然材料所不具備的超常物理特性，，近年來(lái)引起了國(guó)內(nèi)外學(xué)者的廣泛關(guān)注。在THz頻段，利用超材料與電磁波的強(qiáng)烈電磁響應(yīng)，可以實(shí)現(xiàn)THz頻段的功能器件。石墨烯作為近年來(lái)新材料研究中另一個(gè)備受關(guān)注的熱點(diǎn)，在THz頻段的電磁學(xué)領(lǐng)域同樣具有廣闊的應(yīng)用前景。本文中緊隨當(dāng)今電磁功能材料領(lǐng)域的研究熱點(diǎn)，分析并設(shè)計(jì)了多款THz頻段的電磁功能材料、器件及天線，并對(duì)部分模型進(jìn)行加工和測(cè)試；利用電磁功能材料的特殊性質(zhì)，將其應(yīng)用于基站天線的設(shè)計(jì)之中，提高性能并減小天線的尺寸。作者的主要工作及創(chuàng)造性成果可概括為： 1. THz頻段超材料特性的分析和研究。分析傳統(tǒng)開(kāi)口諧振環(huán)在THz頻段的材料特性及諧振原理，針對(duì)開(kāi)口諧振環(huán)加工難度大和極化敏感的問(wèn)題，提出同樣基于R-L-C諧振的方形閉合環(huán)結(jié)構(gòu)并詳細(xì)分析其特性。利用材料特征的結(jié)構(gòu)相關(guān)性，通過(guò)采用嵌套的方形環(huán)及方形環(huán)與十字形環(huán)組合的形式，設(shè)計(jì)多種在THz頻段具有雙頻、三頻特性且對(duì)入射波極化不敏感的超材料。使用砷化鎵工藝線對(duì)樣品進(jìn)行加工并利用THz-TDS系統(tǒng)對(duì)材料的透射參數(shù)進(jìn)行測(cè)試，測(cè)試結(jié)果與仿真結(jié)果吻合良好，驗(yàn)證了超材料設(shè)計(jì)的正確性。 2. THz頻段電磁功能器件的設(shè)計(jì)與分析。在方形金屬環(huán)的基礎(chǔ)上，利用對(duì)偶原理，采用鏤空方形環(huán)結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)一款THz頻段的濾波器并分析了其特性。利用n型砷化鎵襯底的半導(dǎo)體特性，設(shè)計(jì)一款基于方環(huán)結(jié)構(gòu)的THz頻段的有源調(diào)制器并分析其工作原理，通過(guò)調(diào)節(jié)金屬電極兩端的加載電壓改變其透射率實(shí)現(xiàn)幅度調(diào)制。設(shè)計(jì)一款基于方環(huán)結(jié)構(gòu)的雙頻THz吸波材料，實(shí)現(xiàn)在峰值處超過(guò)90%吸收率的吸收特性，并通過(guò)等效表面阻抗理論及去耦的Fabry-Perot諧振腔理論分析吸波材料的工作原理，驗(yàn)證設(shè)計(jì)結(jié)果。 3.石墨烯材料在電磁學(xué)領(lǐng)域中的應(yīng)用研究。在研究石墨烯表面電導(dǎo)率模型的基礎(chǔ)上，對(duì)采用石墨烯材料的THz偶極子天線的特性進(jìn)行了研究。與傳統(tǒng)金屬材料相比，石墨烯的表面等離子體特性使其產(chǎn)生慢波效應(yīng)，天線的諧振尺寸可以達(dá)到十分之一甚至二十分之一空氣中波長(zhǎng)，大大減小天線的尺寸，并可以通過(guò)調(diào)節(jié)石墨烯的化學(xué)勢(shì)來(lái)改變諧振頻率。采用石墨烯材料作為貼片單元設(shè)計(jì)一款THz頻段的平面反射陣天線，其單元間距小于空間波長(zhǎng)的六分之一，并且單元的反射相位可以通過(guò)化學(xué)勢(shì)來(lái)調(diào)節(jié)，使其具有電調(diào)的應(yīng)用潛力。基于超材料結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)一款THz石墨烯吸波材料，采用等效電路理論對(duì)其工作原理進(jìn)行分析和驗(yàn)證，并利用光刻工藝對(duì)樣品進(jìn)行制作，樣品的精度和質(zhì)量都很好，為接下來(lái)的工作奠定了基礎(chǔ)。 4.電磁帶隙結(jié)構(gòu)在天線設(shè)計(jì)中的應(yīng)用。針對(duì)無(wú)線通訊系統(tǒng)的極化分集技術(shù)設(shè)計(jì)兩款基于折合振子的雙同軸饋電貼片天線，具有低交叉極化與高端口隔離度的特性。在此基礎(chǔ)上，將電磁帶隙結(jié)構(gòu)作為反射板應(yīng)用于基站天線單元設(shè)計(jì)，提出兩款低剖面、低交叉極化、高端口隔離度的雙極化天線單元。與之前的設(shè)計(jì)相比，其高度降低了一半且方向圖的前后比得到提高。另外，采用高阻抗反射板設(shè)計(jì)了一款具有低剖面特性的圓極化天線。文中對(duì)所設(shè)計(jì)的天線進(jìn)行詳細(xì)的分析，并通過(guò)加工測(cè)試驗(yàn)證設(shè)計(jì)的正確性，天線的性能優(yōu)越，可用于基站及無(wú)線熱點(diǎn)等通信系統(tǒng)中。電磁功能材料的引入為天線設(shè)計(jì)開(kāi)啟了一扇新的大門(mén)。
[Abstract]:Due to the extraordinary physical characteristics of super-materials which are not possessed by some kinds of materials, it has attracted wide attention from domestic and foreign scholars in recent years. In the frequency band, using the strong electromagnetic response of the metamaterial and the electromagnetic wave, the functional device of the frequency band can be realized. As another hotspot in the research of new materials in recent years, graphene has a wide application prospect in the field of new material research. In this paper, the electromagnetic functional materials, devices and antennas are analyzed and designed in the field of electromagnetic functional materials, and some models are processed and tested. The special properties of electromagnetic functional materials are used in the design of base station antennas. improve performance and reduce the size of the antenna. The author's main work and creative achievements can be summarized as follows: 1. Analysis of the characteristics of ultra-high frequency band materials In this paper, the material characteristics and the resonance principle of the traditional open resonant ring are analyzed, and the square closed loop structure based on R-L-C resonance is put forward and analyzed in detail aiming at the problems of difficult machining difficulty and polarization sensitivity of the open resonant ring. By using nested square ring and square ring and cross-ring combination, a variety of ultra-high frequency bands with dual-frequency and three-frequency characteristics and insensitive to incident polarization are designed. Materials. The sample is processed by using the Bayer process line and the transmission parameters of the material are tested by using the Bayer-TDS system. The test results are well matched with the simulation results, and the design of the metamaterial is verified. true.................................................... Design and analysis. On the basis of square metal ring, by using the principle of duality, the square ring is used to design an octave band filter. In this paper, an active modulator based on square-loop structure is designed and its working principle is analyzed by using the semiconductor characteristics of n-type silicon carbide substrate. The transmissivity of the active modulator is changed by adjusting the loading voltage across the metal electrode. The amplitude modulation is designed. A double-frequency wave absorbing material based on square ring structure is designed to achieve the absorption characteristics of over 90% absorption at the peak, and the working principle and inspection of the wave absorbing material are analyzed by equivalent surface impedance theory and decoupled Fabry-Perot resonator theory. Certificate Design Results. 3. Graphene Materials Used in Chemical Engineering The application of graphene on the basis of studying the surface conductivity model of graphene is studied. Compared with the traditional metal materials, the surface plasma characteristics of the graphene make it slow wave effect, the resonance size of the antenna can reach one-tenth or even one-tenth of the wavelength in the air, the size of the antenna is reduced and the chemistry of the graphene can be adjusted by adjusting the chemistry of the graphene, The graphene material is used as a patch unit to design a planar reflective array antenna with a cell spacing less than one sixth of the space wavelength, Based on the metamaterial structure design, a novel graphene-absorbing material is designed, the working principle is analyzed and verified by equivalent circuit theory, and the sample is manufactured by a photoetching process, and the precision and the quality of the sample are good, and the method comprises the following steps: The work laid the foundation. The electromagnetic band gap The invention relates to an application of a structure in an antenna design, On this basis, the electromagnetic band gap structure is applied to the base station antenna unit design as the reflection plate, and two low profile, low cross polarization and high end ports are proposed. the height of the dual-polarized antenna unit of the isolation degree is reduced by half compared with the previous design, The front-to-back ratio of the direction chart is improved. In addition, a high-impedance reflecting plate is adopted to design a high-impedance reflecting plate. A circularly polarized antenna with low profile characteristics is described in detail in this paper, and the correctness of the design is verified by processing test. The performance of the antenna is superior to that of the base station. and wireless hot spots and the like, wherein the electromagnetic functional material is introduced into an antenna
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西安電子科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TN820

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