【摘要】：智能交通系統(tǒng)(簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)ITS),是一種運(yùn)用先進(jìn)的通信、控制、信息等高新技術(shù),對(duì)傳統(tǒng)的運(yùn)輸系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行改善而形成的一種智能化、社會(huì)化、信息化的新型的交通運(yùn)輸系統(tǒng)。車(chē)載自組網(wǎng)作為ITS的重要組成部分之一,通過(guò)車(chē)輛之間(車(chē)-車(chē))以及車(chē)輛和路旁基礎(chǔ)設(shè)備之間(車(chē)-路)的通信進(jìn)行不同類(lèi)型的業(yè)務(wù)信息的傳輸,從而可以提高道路交通的安全和效率、減少交通堵塞、為駕駛員提供車(chē)載服務(wù)等。在車(chē)載自組織網(wǎng)絡(luò)中,專(zhuān)用短程通信(Dedicated ShortRange Communication,簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)DSRC)是一種高效的和專(zhuān)用的無(wú)線通信技術(shù),它可以實(shí)現(xiàn)小范圍內(nèi)語(yǔ)音、數(shù)據(jù)和圖像的準(zhǔn)確、可靠和實(shí)時(shí)的雙向傳遞,將行駛車(chē)輛和路邊基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施有機(jī)的連接,因而成為ITS的通信的重要平臺(tái)。 本論文研究的專(zhuān)用短程通信使用接入?yún)f(xié)議IEEE802.11p通過(guò)增強(qiáng)型分布式接入控制Enhanced Distribution Coordinate Access,EDCA)及優(yōu)先級(jí)劃分來(lái)提供通信保證。研究中基于IEEE802.11p協(xié)議的車(chē)輛無(wú)線通信系統(tǒng)作為智能交通的一部分,能極大地改善交通系統(tǒng)的有效性、實(shí)時(shí)性和安全性。 本論文對(duì)車(chē)載無(wú)線通信系統(tǒng)中的關(guān)鍵技術(shù)進(jìn)行深入研究。對(duì)基于無(wú)線Ad Hoc網(wǎng)絡(luò)的車(chē)載自組織網(wǎng)絡(luò)中的用于專(zhuān)用短程通信(DSRC)協(xié)議—IEEE802.11p協(xié)議作了較深入的研究,將IEEE802.11p協(xié)議與傳統(tǒng)無(wú)線局域網(wǎng)協(xié)議進(jìn)行對(duì)比,分析了IEEE802.11p在物理層(PHY)與媒體接入控制層(MAC)所做的修改。 本論文在NS-3網(wǎng)絡(luò)仿真平臺(tái)上研究IEEE802.11p協(xié)議的接入原理、接入機(jī)制、性能仿真及IEEE802.11p性能改進(jìn)研究。從分組平均時(shí)延,丟包率和吞吐量三個(gè)方面進(jìn)行仿真實(shí)驗(yàn),研究IEEE802.11p和普通的IEEE802.11協(xié)議標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的異同,及其在車(chē)載環(huán)境下的優(yōu)勢(shì)。并且,通過(guò)仿真實(shí)驗(yàn),研究車(chē)輛距離、車(chē)輛速度和車(chē)輛密度對(duì)IEEE802.11p協(xié)議性能的影響。并針對(duì)仿真實(shí)驗(yàn)所發(fā)現(xiàn)的問(wèn)題,提出一些協(xié)議改進(jìn)的設(shè)想,做一部分的驗(yàn)證。同時(shí)指出IEEE802.11p在目前的專(zhuān)用短程通信應(yīng)用中所存在的一些問(wèn)題和未來(lái)的研究發(fā)展方向。
[Abstract]:Intelligent Transportation system (ITS),) is a new type of intelligent, socialized and informational transportation system, which is formed by using advanced high technology, such as communication, control, information and so on, to improve the traditional transportation system. As one of the important components of ITS, vehicle-borne ad hoc networks transmit different types of traffic information through the communication between vehicles and vehicle-side infrastructure (vehicle-road). It can improve the safety and efficiency of road traffic, reduce traffic jam, and provide vehicle service for drivers. Special short range communication (Dedicated ShortRange Communication,) is an efficient and special wireless communication technology in vehicle-borne ad hoc networks. It can realize accurate, reliable and real-time two-way transmission of voice, data and images in a small range. Vehicle and roadside infrastructure will be connected organically, so it becomes an important communication platform of ITS. In this paper, the dedicated short-range communication access protocol (IEEE802.11p) provides the communication guarantee by enhanced distributed access control (Enhanced Distribution Coordinate Access,EDCA) and priority partition. As a part of intelligent transportation, the vehicle wireless communication system based on IEEE802.11p protocol can greatly improve the efficiency, real-time and security of the traffic system. In this paper, the key technologies of vehicle wireless communication system are studied. In this paper, the (DSRC) protocol for special short-range communication, -IEEE802.11p, which is used in the vehicle-borne ad hoc network based on wireless Ad Hoc network, is studied deeply. The IEEE802.11p protocol is compared with the traditional WLAN protocol. The modification of IEEE802.11p in physical layer (PHY) and media access control layer (MAC) is analyzed. This paper studies the access principle, access mechanism, performance simulation and IEEE802.11p performance improvement of IEEE802.11p protocol on NS-3 network simulation platform. The simulation experiments are carried out from three aspects: average packet delay, packet loss rate and throughput. The similarities and differences between IEEE802.11p and common IEEE802.11 protocol standards and their advantages in vehicle environment are studied. Furthermore, the effects of vehicle distance, vehicle speed and vehicle density on the performance of IEEE802.11p protocol are studied through simulation experiments. Aiming at the problems found in the simulation experiment, some suggestions of protocol improvement are put forward, and a part of verification is made. At the same time, it points out some problems existing in the application of IEEE802.11p in the current application of special short-range communication and the future research and development direction.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TN929.5;TN915.04

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