【摘要】：水下無(wú)線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)作為一項(xiàng)新興的科研學(xué)科,近年來(lái)吸引了眾多研究人員投身其中。同時(shí),水下無(wú)線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)的應(yīng)用范圍也越來(lái)越廣,已在海洋監(jiān)測(cè)、油氣開發(fā)、地震預(yù)警和海軍防御等方面發(fā)揮了巨大的作用。由于水下無(wú)線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)與陸地上的無(wú)線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)相比有著很多不同,而最重要的一個(gè)不同是水下無(wú)線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)使用聲波而不是電磁波進(jìn)行通信。這使得水下無(wú)線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)有了許多特有的性質(zhì),例如傳播速率低、帶寬低、信道質(zhì)量差以及能量限制等。這些特殊的性質(zhì)為人們?cè)O(shè)計(jì)出一個(gè)高性能的水下路由協(xié)議設(shè)置了層次障礙。到目前為止,許多用于水下通信的路由協(xié)議已被相繼提出。其中,多跳傳輸協(xié)議是這些協(xié)議中最典型的一類,并得到深入的研究。本文提出一種基于相對(duì)距離的路由轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)協(xié)議RDBF,這是一種無(wú)需建立通信路徑的多跳路由協(xié)議,節(jié)點(diǎn)總是試圖把數(shù)據(jù)發(fā)送給最優(yōu)的下一跳節(jié)點(diǎn)。從而達(dá)到減少端到端的總跳數(shù)、降低能耗、縮短時(shí)延等目的。RDBF為了避免過(guò)多的節(jié)點(diǎn)參與轉(zhuǎn)發(fā),提出了一個(gè)合適因子來(lái)判定一個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn)作為下一跳的合適程度,只允許最合適的節(jié)點(diǎn)參與數(shù)據(jù)的轉(zhuǎn)發(fā),從而進(jìn)一步減少了能量的不必要消耗。然而固定目的節(jié)點(diǎn)的多跳路由協(xié)議不可避免的存在能耗不均衡問(wèn)題,遠(yuǎn)端的節(jié)點(diǎn)將數(shù)據(jù)通過(guò)逐跳轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)的方式匯聚到目的節(jié)點(diǎn)處,這就使得更靠近目的節(jié)點(diǎn)的轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)節(jié)點(diǎn)要為遠(yuǎn)端的節(jié)點(diǎn)轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)更多的數(shù)據(jù),從而負(fù)載越高。這使得這些鄰居目的節(jié)點(diǎn)的轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)節(jié)點(diǎn)能耗過(guò)度的消耗,節(jié)點(diǎn)的能量很快耗盡,無(wú)法再為網(wǎng)絡(luò)轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)節(jié)點(diǎn),從而造成網(wǎng)絡(luò)路由路徑中斷。為解決這一問(wèn)題本文又提出一種基于區(qū)域能量水平的路由協(xié)議RELB,利用移動(dòng)的水下自主航行器作為臨時(shí)的目的節(jié)點(diǎn)前往能量水平最高的區(qū)域收集數(shù)據(jù),從而動(dòng)態(tài)的緩解多跳路由協(xié)議造成的能量消耗不均衡問(wèn)題�；贏qua-Sim仿真平臺(tái)進(jìn)行了大量的仿真實(shí)驗(yàn),通過(guò)分析實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果,本文得出RDBF路由協(xié)議能夠有效縮短端到端平均時(shí)延、提高收包率、降低能量消耗;而RELB路由協(xié)議則能夠在保證以上性能的同時(shí)進(jìn)一步改善網(wǎng)絡(luò)的能量均衡問(wèn)題,延長(zhǎng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的壽命。
[Abstract]:As a new subject, underwater wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have attracted many researchers in recent years. At the same time, underwater wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have been widely used in ocean monitoring, oil and gas development, earthquake warning and naval defense. There are many differences between underwater wireless sensor networks and terrestrial wireless sensor networks, but the most important difference is that underwater wireless sensor networks communicate with acoustic rather than electromagnetic waves. This makes underwater wireless sensor networks have many unique properties, such as low propagation rate, low bandwidth, poor channel quality and energy constraints. These special properties set up a hierarchical obstacle for people to design a high performance underwater routing protocol. Up to now, many routing protocols for underwater communication have been proposed one after another. Among them, multi-hop transport protocol is the most typical of these protocols, and has been deeply studied. This paper proposes a relative distance based routing forwarding protocol (RDBF,), which is a multi-hop routing protocol that does not need to establish a communication path. Nodes always try to send data to the optimal next-hop node. In order to avoid too many nodes participating in forwarding, RDBF proposed a suitable factor to determine the appropriate degree of a node as the next hop, in order to reduce the total number of hops, reduce the energy consumption and shorten the delay. Only the most appropriate nodes are allowed to participate in data forwarding, thus further reducing unnecessary energy consumption. However, the multi-hop routing protocol of fixed destination node inevitably has the problem of unbalanced energy consumption. The remote node gathers the data to the destination node by the way of jump transfer. This makes the forwarding node closer to the destination node to forward more data to the remote node, thus the higher the load. As a result, the energy consumption of the forwarding nodes of these neighbor destination nodes is excessive, and the energy of the nodes is quickly depleted, which can no longer be forwarded to the network, thus causing the network routing path to be interrupted. In order to solve this problem, this paper proposes a routing protocol based on regional energy level (RELB,), which uses mobile AUV as a temporary destination node to collect data in the area with the highest energy level. The problem of energy consumption imbalance caused by multi-hop routing protocol can be alleviated dynamically. A large number of simulation experiments are carried out based on the Aqua-Sim simulation platform. By analyzing the experimental results, it is concluded that the RDBF routing protocol can effectively shorten the end-to-end average delay, improve the packet rate and reduce the energy consumption. The RELB routing protocol can further improve the energy balance problem and prolong the lifetime of the network while ensuring the above performance.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工程大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TP212.9;TN929.3

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相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條

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本文編號(hào)：2221891