【摘要】：工業(yè)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)總線由來(lái)已久,主要實(shí)現(xiàn)自動(dòng)化裝置之間數(shù)字式、串行式、多點(diǎn)式的數(shù)據(jù)通信,較早出現(xiàn)的典型代表是RS-485/RS-422總線和CAN總線。伴隨著工業(yè)自動(dòng)化由低速向高速、低精度向高精度、集中式控制向分布式控制的發(fā)展,對(duì)工業(yè)總線的傳輸速度和數(shù)據(jù)量都提出了更高的要求,傳統(tǒng)總線以難以滿足這種需求。工業(yè)領(lǐng)域從設(shè)備的穩(wěn)定性和成本考慮,不像消費(fèi)領(lǐng)域經(jīng)常更換設(shè)備,所以目前國(guó)內(nèi)工業(yè)控制領(lǐng)域存在多種總線標(biāo)準(zhǔn),且不同類型的網(wǎng)絡(luò)之間很難實(shí)現(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)的通信和共享。隨著生產(chǎn)規(guī)模的擴(kuò)大,工業(yè)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)很可能并存多種總線。為了實(shí)現(xiàn)不同總線間的互聯(lián)互通,需要多種協(xié)議棧轉(zhuǎn)換器,如CAN-RS485協(xié)議轉(zhuǎn)換器。短距離無(wú)線通信因其功耗低,安裝方便,傳輸速度適中等優(yōu)點(diǎn),在工業(yè)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)的應(yīng)用越來(lái)越廣泛。目前工業(yè)上較多應(yīng)用的是Zigbee、Wi-Fi和433MHz頻段通信。以太網(wǎng)憑借低廉的成本、較高的通信速率、全球普及的標(biāo)準(zhǔn),已成為工業(yè)總線下一步發(fā)展實(shí)踐的方向。為了克服傳統(tǒng)以太網(wǎng)通信行為非實(shí)時(shí)的缺點(diǎn),出現(xiàn)了各種改良方案。其中Ethernet POWERLINK以標(biāo)準(zhǔn)以太網(wǎng)的MAC層和硬件層為基礎(chǔ),放棄經(jīng)典的CSMA/CD協(xié)議,創(chuàng)新性的采用CANopen作為應(yīng)用層協(xié)議,為Ethernet POWERLINK的數(shù)據(jù)通信和網(wǎng)絡(luò)管理提供了極大便利,為不同的設(shè)備和特定應(yīng)用提供統(tǒng)一的接口。論文介紹了工業(yè)實(shí)時(shí)以太網(wǎng)的概念及國(guó)內(nèi)外發(fā)展概況,對(duì)POWERLINK原理做了詳盡的闡述,針對(duì)目前工業(yè)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)多協(xié)議并存的情況以及工業(yè)總線向以太網(wǎng)發(fā)展的趨勢(shì),設(shè)計(jì)出基于POWERLINK協(xié)議的多接口智能網(wǎng)關(guān)系統(tǒng)的總體方案。系統(tǒng)總體由POWERLINK通信單元以及其他通信接口組成,POWERLINK通信單元使用FPGA實(shí)現(xiàn),其他通信接口使用AM3358實(shí)現(xiàn)。軟件設(shè)計(jì)上,AM3358運(yùn)行POWERLINK主站的用戶層代碼以及其他接口的通信控制軟件,FPGA運(yùn)行運(yùn)行POWERLINK主站內(nèi)核層代碼。接口間通信使用簡(jiǎn)單高效的緩沖轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)機(jī)制保證數(shù)據(jù)的安全送達(dá)。系統(tǒng)使用Cortex-A8+FPGA硬件構(gòu)架,實(shí)現(xiàn)了Ethernet POWERLINK主站,并且集成了目前工業(yè)上常用的有線和無(wú)線通信方式,實(shí)現(xiàn)各種通信方式之間的互聯(lián)互通。通過(guò)以太網(wǎng)或者GPRS方式并將現(xiàn)場(chǎng)數(shù)據(jù)和狀態(tài)發(fā)送到遠(yuǎn)端服務(wù)器或者接收轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)服務(wù)器的命令,完成網(wǎng)關(guān)功能。
[Abstract]:Industrial fieldbus has a long history. It mainly realizes digital, serial and multi-point data communication between automation devices. The typical representative of industrial fieldbus is RS-485/RS-422 bus and CAN bus. With the development of industrial automation from low speed to high speed, low precision to high precision and centralized control to distributed control, the transmission speed and data quantity of industrial bus are required higher. Traditional bus is difficult to meet this demand. Considering the stability and cost of the equipment, the industrial field does not often replace the equipment, so there are many bus standards in the domestic industrial control field, and it is difficult to realize the data communication and sharing between different types of networks. With the expansion of production scale, industrial field is likely to coexist with a variety of buses. Various protocol stack converters, such as CAN-RS485 protocol converters, are needed to interconnect different buses. Because of its advantages of low power consumption, convenient installation and moderate transmission speed, short distance wireless communication is more and more widely used in industrial field. At present, Zigbeeau Wi-Fi and 433MHz band communication are widely used in industry. Ethernet, with its low cost, high communication rate and universal standard, has become the future development direction of industrial bus. In order to overcome the shortcomings of non-real-time communication behavior in traditional Ethernet, various improved schemes have emerged. Based on the MAC layer and hardware layer of standard Ethernet, Ethernet POWERLINK gives up the classical CSMA/CD protocol and innovatively adopts CANopen as the application layer protocol, which provides great convenience for the data communication and network management of Ethernet POWERLINK. Provides uniform interfaces for different devices and specific applications. This paper introduces the concept of industrial real time Ethernet and its development at home and abroad, and expounds the principle of POWERLINK in detail, aiming at the coexistence of multi-protocol in industry field and the development trend of industrial bus to Ethernet. The general scheme of multi-interface intelligent gateway system based on POWERLINK protocol is designed. The system is composed of POWERLINK communication unit and other communication interfaces. The power link communication unit is implemented by FPGA, and other communication interfaces are implemented by AM3358. In software design, AM3358 runs the user layer code of POWERLINK master station and the communication control software of other interfaces runs POWERLINK master station kernel layer code. Communication between interfaces uses a simple and efficient buffer and forwarding mechanism to ensure the safe delivery of data. The system uses the Cortex-A8 FPGA hardware framework to realize the Ethernet POWERLINK master station, and integrates the wired and wireless communication modes commonly used in industry at present, and realizes the interconnection and interworking between various communication modes. The gateway function is accomplished by Ethernet or GPRS and sending the data and status to the remote server or receiving the command of the forwarding server.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西安電子科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TN915.05

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本文編號(hào)：2185414