【摘要】：全球衛(wèi)星導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)能夠提供精確定位、測(cè)速和授時(shí)等服務(wù),具有實(shí)時(shí)、連續(xù)和全天候等特點(diǎn),不僅廣泛應(yīng)用于鐵路、公路、航運(yùn)和通信等公共服務(wù)行業(yè),而且應(yīng)用于航空航天、巡航導(dǎo)彈、單兵裝備和水面作戰(zhàn)艦艇等軍事領(lǐng)域,它是個(gè)國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)安全和的國(guó)防安全重要保證。由于導(dǎo)航衛(wèi)星信號(hào)的調(diào)制頻率和調(diào)制特性都是公開(kāi)的,而且導(dǎo)航衛(wèi)星信號(hào)的功率到達(dá)地球表面最弱時(shí)只有-160dBw,非常容易受到各種各樣的信號(hào)干擾,例如來(lái)自人為的壓制式干擾,還有來(lái)自環(huán)境中各種潛在的電磁信號(hào)的干擾等。在今天信息化時(shí)代的背景下,電子對(duì)抗已經(jīng)成為戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的重要部分,能否在高復(fù)雜的電磁環(huán)境中提供有效的導(dǎo)航,成為一場(chǎng)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)勝負(fù)的關(guān)鍵。因此,研究衛(wèi)星導(dǎo)航接收機(jī)中干擾信號(hào)的抑制技術(shù)具有重要的意義。 論文首先綜述了國(guó)內(nèi)外時(shí)域窄帶干擾抑制技術(shù)和變換域窄帶干擾抑制技術(shù)的發(fā)展?fàn)顩r,分析和對(duì)比了GPS、GLONASS、GALILEO和BeiDou等全球主要的衛(wèi)星導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng),給出了潛在干擾和人為干擾等常見(jiàn)的干擾信號(hào)類型；然后,在分析衛(wèi)星導(dǎo)航接收機(jī)基本組成原理的基礎(chǔ)上,對(duì)GPS信號(hào)和C/A碼的生成過(guò)程進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)描述,給出了利用到達(dá)時(shí)間測(cè)距和利用偽隨機(jī)噪聲碼定位的衛(wèi)星導(dǎo)航接收機(jī)原理；根據(jù)衛(wèi)星導(dǎo)航接收機(jī)窄帶干擾抑制的原理,分析了窗函數(shù)的應(yīng)用,推導(dǎo)出了加窗造成的信號(hào)信噪比損耗表達(dá)式；其次,基于窗函數(shù)選擇的原理,給出了反加窗和重疊組合算法,提出了使用重疊選擇和反加窗算法相組合的窄帶干擾抑制方法,并闡述了基于固定門限值和自適應(yīng)門限值的窄帶干擾抑制門限選擇的方法,研究了硬件實(shí)現(xiàn)中信號(hào)截位的誤差和改善信號(hào)截位誤差的Dither方法；最后,利用VHDL語(yǔ)言實(shí)現(xiàn)了FPGA硬件環(huán)境下的窄帶干擾抑制功能,闡述了開(kāi)發(fā)工具、VHDL硬件描述語(yǔ)言和Xilinx FPGA處理器件等實(shí)現(xiàn)窄帶干擾抑制功能的軟硬件開(kāi)發(fā)環(huán)境,給出了窄帶干擾抑制模塊的實(shí)現(xiàn)流程,詳細(xì)地分析了FFT與IFFT計(jì)算模塊、加窗與反加窗模塊、ROM存儲(chǔ)器模塊和重疊選擇模塊的實(shí)現(xiàn)方法和設(shè)計(jì)流程,描述了自動(dòng)增益控制模塊的功能、實(shí)體結(jié)構(gòu)和實(shí)現(xiàn)流程等,利用Modlesim和ChipScope測(cè)試平臺(tái),對(duì)不同條件下窄帶干擾抑制模塊進(jìn)行了性能和功能測(cè)試,并基于信號(hào)截位原理,對(duì)信號(hào)截位進(jìn)行了測(cè)試。
[Abstract]:Global satellite navigation systems can provide accurate positioning, speed measurement and timing services, with real-time, continuous and all-weather features. They are widely used not only in public services such as railways, highways, shipping and communications, but also in aerospace, Cruise missiles, individual military equipment and surface warships are important guarantees of national economic security and national defense security. Because the modulation frequency and modulation characteristics of the navigation satellite signal are open, and the power of the navigation satellite signal reaches the earth's surface only -160 dBw, it is very vulnerable to various kinds of signal interference, such as artificial suppression interference. There is also interference from various potential electromagnetic signals in the environment. In the background of today's information age, electronic countermeasure has become an important part of the war. Whether to provide effective navigation in the highly complex electromagnetic environment is the key to the success or failure of a war. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the suppression technology of interference signal in satellite navigation receiver. Firstly, this paper summarizes the development of narrowband interference suppression in time domain and narrow band interference suppression in transform domain, and analyzes and compares the main satellite navigation systems such as GPS / GLONASS / GALILEO and BeiDou. The common types of jamming signals such as potential interference and artificial interference are given, and then the generation process of GPS signal and C / A code is described in detail on the basis of analyzing the basic principle of satellite navigation receiver. The principle of satellite navigation receiver based on time of arrival ranging and pseudorandom noise code positioning is presented, and the application of window function is analyzed according to the principle of narrowband interference suppression of satellite navigation receiver. The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) loss expression caused by windowing is derived. Secondly, based on the principle of window function selection, an inverse windowing and overlapping combination algorithm is presented, and a narrowband interference suppression method combining overlapping selection and inverse windowing is proposed. The selection method of narrowband interference suppression threshold based on fixed threshold value and adaptive threshold value is expounded, and the signal intercept error and the Dither method to improve the signal intercept error in hardware implementation are studied. The narrowband interference suppression function in FPGA hardware environment is realized by using VHDL language. The hardware and software development environment of FPGA hardware description language and Xilinx FPGA processing device are described. The realization flow of narrowband interference suppression module is given, and the implementation method and design flow of FFT and IFFT computing module, window adding module and inverse window adding module, ROM memory module and overlap selection module are analyzed in detail. This paper describes the function, entity structure and implementation flow of the automatic gain control module. The performance and function of the narrowband interference suppression module under different conditions are tested by using Modlesim and ChipScope test platform, and based on the principle of signal truncation. The signal intercept is tested.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TN965.5

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