【摘要】：車輛自組織網(wǎng)絡(luò)(Vehicular Ad Hoc Network, VANET),簡(jiǎn)稱車聯(lián)網(wǎng),作為一種由汽車組成的數(shù)據(jù)互動(dòng)網(wǎng)絡(luò),已經(jīng)在交通安全、信息分發(fā)、社交娛樂(lè)等眾多應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域中嶄露頭角,并且深受通信廠商,汽車廠商以及服務(wù)提供商的追捧。由于車聯(lián)網(wǎng)具有巨大的市場(chǎng)前景和經(jīng)濟(jì)效益,其發(fā)展一直持續(xù)被學(xué)術(shù)界和工業(yè)界所關(guān)注,而汽車也將順勢(shì)成為第三大互聯(lián)網(wǎng)載體。在車聯(lián)網(wǎng)的大背景下,并結(jié)合國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金面上項(xiàng)目“面向?qū)嶋H場(chǎng)景和用戶體驗(yàn)的車輛自組織網(wǎng)絡(luò)關(guān)鍵技術(shù)研究”,本論文開(kāi)展了一系列研究工作,旨在提出一種應(yīng)用于城市場(chǎng)景中的高效可靠的路由協(xié)議,為車聯(lián)網(wǎng)技術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化的推進(jìn)貢獻(xiàn)一份力量。本選題是車聯(lián)網(wǎng)技術(shù)中的熱點(diǎn)研究問(wèn)題,數(shù)據(jù)端到端的傳輸離不開(kāi)路由技術(shù),而且在車聯(lián)網(wǎng)應(yīng)用日益豐富,對(duì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)要求越來(lái)越高的情況下,高效可靠的路由協(xié)議的支持顯得尤為重要,所以本課題具有一定的實(shí)際意義和研究?jī)r(jià)值。VANET雖然是從一般的移動(dòng)自組織網(wǎng)絡(luò)(Mobile Ad Hoc Network, MANET)中發(fā)展而來(lái),但是不同于一般的MANET, VANET中的節(jié)點(diǎn)是高移動(dòng)的汽車,從而所組成的網(wǎng)絡(luò)拓?fù)湟彩歉邉?dòng)態(tài)變化的。而傳統(tǒng)的MANET中節(jié)點(diǎn)移動(dòng)速度不高,就路由技術(shù)而言,大多是采用基于拓?fù)涞穆酚蓞f(xié)議來(lái)進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)包分組的傳輸�；谕�?fù)涞穆酚杀容^適合于網(wǎng)絡(luò)拓?fù)渥兓淮蟮膱?chǎng)景。在VANE T運(yùn)用較多的主流的路由協(xié)議是基于地理位置的路由,即網(wǎng)絡(luò)中的節(jié)點(diǎn)不維持全局路由表,而是只保存周圍的一跳鄰居節(jié)點(diǎn)的地理位置等信息,有分組需要傳輸時(shí),每個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn)獨(dú)立在鄰居節(jié)點(diǎn)中尋找下一跳中繼節(jié)點(diǎn)�；诘乩砦恢玫穆酚赡軌蜉^好地適應(yīng)VANET的高動(dòng)態(tài)網(wǎng)絡(luò)拓?fù)洹：髞?lái),為了適應(yīng)城市場(chǎng)景,學(xué)術(shù)界又提出了基于交叉口的路由,這類路由本質(zhì)上也是基于地理位置的,只不過(guò)在基于交叉口的路由中,數(shù)據(jù)分組在進(jìn)行長(zhǎng)距離端到端投遞時(shí),優(yōu)先選擇位于交叉口處的節(jié)點(diǎn),這樣使得分組的路由路徑更合理。本論文研究的具體對(duì)象是車聯(lián)網(wǎng)當(dāng)中基于交叉口的路由問(wèn)題�，F(xiàn)有的基于交叉口的路由有著如下問(wèn)題：(1)在路口處,負(fù)責(zé)轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)的節(jié)點(diǎn)在選擇路段時(shí)僅僅考慮了距離和車輛密度參量,事實(shí)上,對(duì)分組成功投遞影響很大的是網(wǎng)絡(luò)的連通性；(2)連通性的衡量不容易。本文提出了一種隨機(jī)車流模型,并根據(jù)交通規(guī)律設(shè)計(jì)參數(shù),從物理連通性的角度將該模型等效為一個(gè)排隊(duì)服務(wù)系統(tǒng),根據(jù)排隊(duì)論等理論基礎(chǔ),在給定的假設(shè)條件下,推導(dǎo)出了單向道路上平均車間距的分布函數(shù),以及平均車間距、車輛通信范圍對(duì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)連通性的影響,并給出了數(shù)值結(jié)果。根據(jù)該結(jié)果,我們又設(shè)計(jì)出了一種新的連通性感知路由(Connectivity-Sensed Routing, CSR),該路由算法充分考慮了路段連通性的因素對(duì)選路的影響,同時(shí)又兼顧了與之非耦合的距離參量。并通過(guò)系統(tǒng)級(jí)的網(wǎng)絡(luò)仿真驗(yàn)證了所提出的CSR算法的性能,以可接受的網(wǎng)絡(luò)開(kāi)銷為代價(jià),CSR在分組平均網(wǎng)絡(luò)投遞率和網(wǎng)絡(luò)吞吐量性能方面,比現(xiàn)有的基于交叉口的路由算法性能要高出10%-30%。在未來(lái)的研究工作中,車流模型仍然可以再進(jìn)一步優(yōu)化并改進(jìn),未來(lái)將擴(kuò)展至雙向車道并加入交叉口的建模。另外,論文中關(guān)于基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的假設(shè)未來(lái)可以考慮利用5G(下一代移動(dòng)通信)中的微型基站來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)。
[Abstract]:Vehicular Ad Hoc Network (VANET), referred to as the network of vehicles, is a data interactive network composed of cars. It has come to the fore in many applications, such as traffic safety, information distribution, social entertainment and so on, and is well received by communications manufacturers, automobile manufacturers and service providers. The development of the market and the economic benefit has been continuously paid attention to by the academic and industrial circles, and the automobile will become the third Internet carrier. In the context of the car network, and combining the National Natural Science Foundation Project "Research on the key technology of vehicle self-organizing network oriented to the actual scene and user experience", this theory is based on the theory of the National Natural Science Foundation. A series of research work is carried out to propose an efficient and reliable routing protocol used in the city scene, which contributes a lot to the promotion of the standardization of the technology of the vehicle network. This topic is a hot research problem in the technology of vehicle networking. The transmission of data end to end can not be separated from the routing technology, and is increasingly rich in the application of the vehicle network. With the increasing demand for network technology, the support of efficient and reliable routing protocols is particularly important, so the subject has certain practical significance and research value.VANET, although it is developed from the Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET), but it is different from the common MANET, VANET The network topology which is composed of high mobility is also highly dynamic, and the node movement speed is not high in the traditional MANET. As far as routing technology is concerned, most of the routing protocols are based on topology based routing protocol for packet packet transmission. The topology based routing ratio is more suitable for the scene with little change in network topology. In VAN E T uses more mainstream routing protocols as geographical location based routing, that is, nodes in the network do not maintain the global routing table, but only save the geographic location of one neighbor's neighbor nodes. When the packet needs to be transmitted, each node searches for the next hop relay node independently in the neighbor nodes. Later, in order to adapt to the high dynamic network topology of VANET, in order to adapt to the city scene, the academic circle also proposed the routing based on the intersection. This kind of routing is essentially based on geographical location, but in the route based on the intersection, the priority selection is at the intersection when the data packet is in the long distance to the end delivery. The nodes in this paper make the routing path more reasonable. The specific object of this paper is the routing problem based on the intersection in the network. The existing routing problem based on the intersection has the following problems: (1) at the intersection, the nodes in charge of forwarding only consider the distance and vehicle density parameters when choosing the sections, in fact, The success of the packet delivery is the connectivity of the network. (2) the measurement of connectivity is not easy. A stochastic vehicle flow model is proposed in this paper, and the parameters are designed according to the traffic law. The model is equivalent to a queuing service system from the perspective of physical connectedness. The distribution function of the average vehicle distance on a one-way road, the influence of the average vehicle distance and the vehicle communication range on the network connectivity are derived, and the numerical results are given. According to the results, we also design a new connected Connectivity-Sensed Routing (CSR). The routing algorithm takes full consideration of the link connectivity. The influence of the factors on the route selection and the non coupling distance parameters are also taken into account. The performance of the proposed CSR algorithm is verified by the system level network simulation. At the cost of acceptable network overhead, the performance of the CSR in the packet average network delivery rate and the network throughput performance is more than the existing routing algorithm based on the intersection. In order to improve the future research work of 10%-30%., the model of traffic flow can be further optimized and improved. In the future, it will be extended to two-way lane and the modeling of intersections. In addition, the hypothesis of infrastructure in this paper can be considered in the future by using the micro base station in 5G (next generation mobile communication).
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西安電子科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TN929.5;U495

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本文編號(hào)：2170365