【摘要】：海上航運(yùn)在國民經(jīng)濟(jì)生產(chǎn)中占據(jù)著十分重要的地位。然而,在海上航運(yùn)中船舶碰撞事件屢屢發(fā)生,帶來了生命與財(cái)產(chǎn)的巨大損失。為有效避免船舶碰撞,各種船舶越來越依賴船用雷達(dá)。天線作為雷達(dá)的重要組成部分,直接影響著船用雷達(dá)的性能。因此,研究船用雷達(dá)天線具有重要的意義。南京彩芯電子科技有限公司委托大連海事大學(xué)進(jìn)行船用雷達(dá)天線的研制,論文作者參與了該課題,論文正是在總結(jié)課題研究成果的基礎(chǔ)上形成的。 傳統(tǒng)船用雷達(dá)天線有拋物面型和波導(dǎo)裂縫型。拋物面型天線尺寸龐大而笨重,而波導(dǎo)裂縫天線成本相對(duì)較高。微帶結(jié)構(gòu)的雷達(dá)天線成本低,體積小,應(yīng)用前景廣闊。 作者根據(jù)微帶天線和天線陣列理論,設(shè)計(jì)了兩款微帶結(jié)構(gòu)的雷達(dá)天線。主要工作如下： (1)根據(jù)船用雷達(dá)技術(shù)指標(biāo),設(shè)計(jì)了一款24單元X波段水平極化的微帶結(jié)構(gòu)天線陣。單元天線饋電形式為側(cè)饋,陣列采用并饋方式,天線方向性圖采用切比雪夫多項(xiàng)式,實(shí)現(xiàn)了方向性圖窄波束和低旁瓣電平的要求。 (2)考慮到天線的抗雨霧干擾等能力,本文還設(shè)計(jì)了一款20單元的圓極化雷達(dá)天線陣。單元天線通過角饋產(chǎn)生圓極化波,而陣列采用串饋方式,最終實(shí)現(xiàn)了窄波束和低旁瓣的圓極化波雷達(dá)天線。 (3)在天線兩側(cè)加上開放式扇形金屬喇叭,通過仿真優(yōu)化金屬喇叭的大小和角度,減小了天線陣的垂直波瓣寬度,同時(shí)提高了天線的增益。 兩款天線的實(shí)物采用雕刻機(jī)加工,最后在暗室中對(duì)兩款天線進(jìn)行了測(cè)試,測(cè)試結(jié)果與預(yù)期設(shè)計(jì)指標(biāo)基本吻合,因此所設(shè)計(jì)的兩款天線均可以應(yīng)用在船用雷達(dá)系統(tǒng)中。
[Abstract]:Maritime navigation occupies a very important position in the national economy production. However, ship collision often occurs in maritime navigation, which brings great loss of life and property. In order to avoid ship collision effectively, all kinds of ships rely more and more on ship radar. As an important part of radar, antenna directly affects the performance of marine radar. Therefore, the study of marine radar antenna is of great significance. Nanjing Caixin Electronic Science and Technology Co., Ltd. has commissioned Dalian Maritime University to develop the marine radar antenna. The author of this paper participated in the subject, which was formed on the basis of summarizing the research results of the subject. The traditional marine radar antenna has paraboloid and waveguide crack. The parabolic antenna is large and bulky, while the waveguide slot antenna cost is relatively high. The microstrip structure radar antenna has the advantages of low cost, small size and wide application prospect. Based on the theory of microstrip antenna and antenna array, two kinds of radar antenna with microstrip structure are designed. The main work is as follows: (1) according to the technical specifications of marine radar, a 24-unit X-band horizontal polarization antenna array with microstrip structure is designed. The antenna feed is side-fed, the array is parallel fed, and the antenna pattern is Chebyshev polynomial, which meets the requirements of narrow beam and low sidelobe level. (2) considering the ability of antenna to resist rain and fog interference, A 20-unit circular polarization radar antenna array is also designed in this paper. The cell antenna generates circular polarized wave through angular feed, and the array adopts series-fed mode. Finally, the circular polarized wave radar antenna with narrow beam and low sidelobe is realized. (3) an open sector metal horn is added to both sides of the antenna. The vertical lobe width of antenna array is reduced and the antenna gain is improved by optimizing the size and angle of metal horn. The two antennas are machined by engraving machine. Finally, the two antennas are tested in the darkroom. The test results are in good agreement with the expected design index, so the two antennas designed can be used in the marine radar system.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：大連海事大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TN957.2

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