【摘要】：近年來，硅光子學成為當今世界上一個熱門的前沿學科。由于硅基微納波導具有高的克爾系數(shù)和拉曼增益系數(shù)及強的限光能力，硅波導中的非線性光學效應引起了人們巨大的研究興趣。在本論文中我們研究了硅波導中的四波混頻效應(FWM)，交叉相位調(diào)制效應(XPM)和拉曼散射效應及它們的應用。主要研究內(nèi)容和創(chuàng)新成果如下： 1、在綜合考慮線性損耗、色散、拉曼散射效應、克爾效應、雙光子吸收效應、自由載流子吸收效應和自由載流子色散效應的基礎上，從麥克斯韋方程組出發(fā)推導了超短脈沖在硅波導中的非線性傳輸方程。 2、研究了通信波段SOI波導中基于FWM效應的飛秒脈沖泵浦的波長轉(zhuǎn)換。發(fā)現(xiàn)當脈寬小于100fs時發(fā)生泵浦、信號和閑頻間光譜重疊而難以實現(xiàn)有效波長轉(zhuǎn)換。研究了脈沖重復頻率對波長轉(zhuǎn)換效率的影響，發(fā)現(xiàn)當脈沖重復頻率較高時，由于自由載流子吸收變大而使轉(zhuǎn)換效率降低。 3、研究了SOI波導色散對基于FWM效應的飛秒脈沖泵浦的參量放大的影響。通過改變脊形SOI波導的結(jié)構(gòu)尺寸，可實現(xiàn)寬帶的準相位匹配，并得到光滑的時域脈沖且FWM輸出頻譜可分離。 4、提出了一種寬度可調(diào)的SOI波導結(jié)構(gòu)來實現(xiàn)基于FWM的頻率非簡并相位敏感參量放大。通過改變寬度可調(diào)SOI波導的第二段波導的寬度和長度，可以調(diào)節(jié)進入相位敏感放大器前的相對相位，從而影響參量放大過程的增益。 5、提出了一種在硅隔膜波導中利用FWM產(chǎn)生太赫茲波的新方法。發(fā)現(xiàn)當泵浦波長在正常色散區(qū)時才能實現(xiàn)相位匹配。理論驗證了在硅波導中基于FWM的太赫茲波產(chǎn)生技術(shù)可以實現(xiàn)大于1%的轉(zhuǎn)換效率。 6、在SOS波導中，研究了中紅外波段三光子吸收對交叉相位調(diào)制的影響。發(fā)現(xiàn)在泵浦光強足夠高時，三光子吸收引起的非線性損耗將相當大。在交叉相位調(diào)制過程中，，三光子吸收和三光子吸收引起的自由載流子吸收影響了信號的時域形狀和頻譜特性，且抑制了交叉相位調(diào)制引起的頻移。 7、在SOS波導中，理論研究了中紅外波段的拉曼放大和反斯托克斯拉曼波長轉(zhuǎn)換。在輸入斯托克斯光和泵浦光功率之比較大時，參量增益抑制效應發(fā)生，即當線性相位失配趨于零時，斯托克斯增益和轉(zhuǎn)換效率下降較快。由于參量增益抑制效應的影響，在線性相位失配為零時的轉(zhuǎn)化效率比峰值轉(zhuǎn)換效率低了28dB。 8、在SOS波導中，研究了當泵浦和斯托克斯波垂直偏振時基于CARS的波長轉(zhuǎn)換中的相位匹配技術(shù)。發(fā)現(xiàn)雙折射引起的相位失配加上材料色散引起的相位失配可以抵消波導色散引起的大的相位失配。與同偏振的相位匹配相比，正交偏振的相位匹配可以在橫截尺寸更小的SOS波導中實現(xiàn)。 9、實驗研究了基于SOI波導的波長轉(zhuǎn)換。分析了入射泵浦光功率對轉(zhuǎn)換效率的影響，并討論了不同寬度和不同長度的SOI波導對轉(zhuǎn)換效率的影響。
[Abstract]:In recent years, silicon photonics has become a hot subject in the world. Because of its high Kerr coefficient, Raman gain coefficient and strong limiting ability, the nonlinear optical effect in silicon waveguide has aroused great interest. In this thesis we study the (FWM), cross phase modulation effect (XPM) and Raman scattering effects in silicon waveguides and their applications. The main contents and innovations are as follows: 1. On the basis of considering the linear loss, dispersion, Raman scattering effect, Kerr effect, two-photon absorption effect, free carrier absorption effect and free carrier dispersion effect. The nonlinear propagation equations of ultrashort pulses in silicon waveguides are derived from Maxwell's equations. 2. Wavelength conversion of femtosecond pulse pumping in SOI waveguides based on FWM effect is studied. It is found that when the pulse width is less than 100fs, the spectral overlap between the signal and the idler frequency makes it difficult to achieve effective wavelength conversion. The influence of pulse repetition rate on wavelength conversion efficiency is studied. It is found that when pulse repetition rate is high, The conversion efficiency is reduced due to the increase of free carrier absorption. 3. The effect of dispersion of SOI waveguide on parametric amplification pumped by femtosecond pulse based on FWM effect is studied. By changing the structure size of ridged SOI waveguide, the quasi-phase matching of wideband can be realized. A smooth time-domain pulse is obtained and the FWM output spectrum can be separated. 4. A SOI waveguide structure with adjustable width is proposed to realize the frequency non-degenerate phase-sensitive parametric amplification based on FWM. By changing the width and length of the second section of the SOI waveguide, the relative phase before entering the phase-sensitive amplifier can be adjusted. Thus, the gain of parametric amplification is affected. 5. A new method to generate terahertz wave by using FWM in silica-diaphragm waveguide is proposed. It is found that phase matching can only be realized when the pump wavelength is in the normal dispersion region. It is theoretically verified that the THz wave generation technology based on FWM in silicon waveguide can achieve conversion efficiency of more than 1%. 6. In SOS waveguide, the effect of three-photon absorption in mid-infrared band on cross-phase modulation is studied. It is found that when the pump intensity is high enough, the nonlinear loss caused by three-photon absorption will be quite large. In the process of cross-phase modulation, the free carrier absorption caused by three-photon absorption and three-photon absorption affects the time-domain shape and spectral characteristics of the signal, and suppresses the frequency shift caused by cross-phase modulation. 7, in SOS waveguide, Raman amplification and anti-Stokes Raman wavelength conversion in mid-infrared band are studied theoretically. The parametric gain suppression effect occurs when the input Stokes light is larger than the pump power, that is, when the linear phase mismatch tends to 00:00, the Stokes gain and conversion efficiency decrease rapidly. Due to the effect of parametric gain suppression, the conversion efficiency of 00:00 with linear phase mismatch is 28 dB 路8 lower than that of peak conversion, and in SOS waveguide, The phase matching technique of wavelength conversion based on CARS is studied when pumping and Stokes wave are vertically polarized. It is found that the phase mismatch caused by birefringence and material dispersion can counteract the large phase mismatch caused by waveguide dispersion. Compared with the phase matching of the same polarization, the phase matching of orthogonal polarization can be realized in SOS waveguides with smaller cross-section size. 9. Wavelength conversion based on SOI waveguides is experimentally studied. The influence of incident pump power on conversion efficiency is analyzed, and the influence of different width and length of SOI waveguide on conversion efficiency is discussed.
【學位授予單位】：中國科學院研究生院（西安光學精密機械研究所）
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TN814

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