本文選題：無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò) + 可靠傳輸�。� 參考：《重慶大學(xué)》2014年博士論文

【摘要】：無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)(Wireless Sensor Networks，WSNs)是由部署在檢測區(qū)域內(nèi)大量傳感器節(jié)點以無線通信方式組成的一個多跳自組織網(wǎng)絡(luò)系統(tǒng)，實時地監(jiān)測、感知和采集監(jiān)測對象的信息。無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)是物聯(lián)網(wǎng)推廣的重要載體，未來延伸Internet覆蓋范圍以及支持普適計算的關(guān)鍵技術(shù)。無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)迅速發(fā)展，促進(jìn)了物聯(lián)網(wǎng)實現(xiàn)社會生產(chǎn)生活中信息感知能力、信息互通性和智能決策能力的全面提升，并在諸多領(lǐng)域得到廣泛應(yīng)用，已顯示出巨大的應(yīng)用價值并成為現(xiàn)階段研究的熱點。 作為一種新興的信息獲取和處理技術(shù)的分布式計算平臺，，無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)有著無中心自組網(wǎng)、網(wǎng)絡(luò)拓?fù)鋭討B(tài)變化、通信與計算能力有限、電源能量受限等自身特性。工作環(huán)境存在不可預(yù)測性，因振動、電磁、系統(tǒng)噪聲和隨機(jī)噪聲等環(huán)境因素干擾導(dǎo)致錯誤感知數(shù)據(jù)�；蛞蚬�(jié)點的移動超出了通信范圍、物體阻擋、信道干擾和數(shù)據(jù)碰撞堵塞等原因，網(wǎng)絡(luò)鏈路質(zhì)量變差，出現(xiàn)暫時或永久性的故障，導(dǎo)致數(shù)據(jù)傳輸?shù)氖�，影響無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)傳輸可靠性和運(yùn)行穩(wěn)定性，對網(wǎng)絡(luò)的自組織能力、自適應(yīng)性和魯棒性帶來更大的挑戰(zhàn)。高可靠性和穩(wěn)定性目前仍然是無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)的難點。 故障容錯策略能提高無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)運(yùn)行的魯棒性和傳輸可靠性。其本質(zhì)是在檢測網(wǎng)絡(luò)出現(xiàn)異�；蚬收蠒r，能及時尋找合理的容錯控制方案，自適應(yīng)地處理多種網(wǎng)絡(luò)異�，F(xiàn)象，繼續(xù)提供高可信的計算服務(wù)。但基于預(yù)先構(gòu)成的網(wǎng)絡(luò)結(jié)構(gòu)，無法滿足無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)大規(guī)�？蓴U(kuò)展的需求。且因網(wǎng)絡(luò)復(fù)雜性與故障多樣性并受限于實際應(yīng)用條件，現(xiàn)有容錯模型簡單對故障進(jìn)行抽象和特征提取，對新出現(xiàn)的故障特征缺乏自主在線學(xué)習(xí)能力，嚴(yán)重影響網(wǎng)絡(luò)故障容錯性能。針對新出現(xiàn)的故障特征，在動態(tài)自適應(yīng)構(gòu)造故障容錯結(jié)構(gòu)框架、設(shè)計自主的在線容錯等方面還有待深入研究。 針對無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)節(jié)點或鏈路故障以及工作環(huán)境等因素會影響到網(wǎng)絡(luò)傳輸?shù)姆�(wěn)定性和可靠性問題，本文主要在無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)網(wǎng)絡(luò)層上，通過采取主動故障預(yù)防或網(wǎng)絡(luò)異常后故障容錯的方式提高網(wǎng)絡(luò)傳輸可靠性。建立并優(yōu)化多路徑路由算法，或運(yùn)用網(wǎng)路層多種容錯策略，或垮層聯(lián)合控制優(yōu)化，或引入仿生免疫機(jī)理和現(xiàn)代仿生智能算法開展網(wǎng)絡(luò)層可靠傳輸和故障容錯研究。具體工作如下： （1）根據(jù)蟻群仿生智能算法對構(gòu)建無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)容錯路由的啟示，提出非均勻等級分簇的無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)故障容錯路由算法。根據(jù)骨干網(wǎng)特性，建立數(shù)學(xué)模型和網(wǎng)絡(luò)拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu)，運(yùn)用改進(jìn)粒子群算法(IPSO)對網(wǎng)絡(luò)節(jié)點進(jìn)行非均勻等級靜態(tài)分簇，構(gòu)建非均勻等級分簇拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu)。引入最優(yōu)最差螞蟻系統(tǒng)(BWAS)在相鄰等級節(jié)點間建立多條傳輸鏈路，并根據(jù)螞蟻信息素歸一化值作為傳輸路徑的選擇概率建立能故障容錯的網(wǎng)絡(luò)路由。同時對容錯性與復(fù)雜度進(jìn)行理論分析，對數(shù)據(jù)包接收率、平均傳輸時延及能耗均衡等進(jìn)行仿真分析。 （2）針對編碼機(jī)制影響無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)傳輸可靠性問題，提出基于糾刪編碼的無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)多路徑可靠傳輸策略。對網(wǎng)絡(luò)節(jié)點進(jìn)行等級標(biāo)定，根據(jù)蟻群算法確定路徑信息素值。根據(jù)反映鏈路質(zhì)量的最優(yōu)最差螞蟻系統(tǒng)的信息素歸一化值，在相鄰等級節(jié)點間建立互不交叉的多路徑路由傳輸容錯機(jī)制，優(yōu)化糾刪編碼并建立基于糾刪編碼的多路徑負(fù)載均衡機(jī)制，將源數(shù)據(jù)包經(jīng)糾刪編碼的數(shù)據(jù)片沿多條路徑分配和傳輸，建立數(shù)學(xué)模型并進(jìn)行理論分析，并通過仿真測試負(fù)載均衡和故障容錯性能。 （3）針對梯度策略影響網(wǎng)絡(luò)傳輸可靠和故障容錯問題，提出基于梯度的無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)多路徑可靠傳輸容錯策略。首先進(jìn)行二次k均值非等概率簇分裂構(gòu)建非均勻拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu)，按質(zhì)量評價函數(shù)計算節(jié)點的綜合度量信息并建立等高線，建立基于梯度的互不交叉的多路徑路由，實施負(fù)載均衡的線性糾刪編碼多路徑傳輸。建立負(fù)載均衡機(jī)制下的多路徑傳輸數(shù)學(xué)模型，對數(shù)據(jù)成功傳輸率與能效性等網(wǎng)絡(luò)多項性能指標(biāo)進(jìn)行理論分析和仿真評價。 （4）根據(jù)免疫系統(tǒng)機(jī)理對構(gòu)建無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)多路徑容錯路由的啟示，提出基于免疫系統(tǒng)機(jī)理的無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)多路徑容錯路由算法。研究免疫系統(tǒng)機(jī)理、人工免疫系統(tǒng)模型與無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)故障檢測容錯的屬性關(guān)聯(lián)。定義基于免疫分簇與免疫多路徑等基本問題，運(yùn)用免疫系統(tǒng)機(jī)理對網(wǎng)絡(luò)進(jìn)行分簇以構(gòu)建緊致性較好的分簇拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu)，運(yùn)用免疫系統(tǒng)機(jī)理對初始建立的互不交叉的多條傳輸路徑進(jìn)行多次變異優(yōu)化并形成最優(yōu)傳輸路徑，建立數(shù)學(xué)模型并對算法性能進(jìn)行理論分析，對分簇算法的緊致性、免疫路由算法的收斂性和能耗性等進(jìn)行仿真測試。 綜上所述，本文圍繞提高無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)的穩(wěn)定運(yùn)行和可靠傳輸?shù)哪繕?biāo)，構(gòu)建網(wǎng)絡(luò)故障容錯的相關(guān)理論和方法體系，建立故障仿生智能容錯平臺，提高無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)的傳輸可靠性和運(yùn)行穩(wěn)定性，為工業(yè)監(jiān)控、礦井安全監(jiān)測和農(nóng)業(yè)生物環(huán)境保護(hù)等對網(wǎng)絡(luò)可靠性要求較高的無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)預(yù)警系統(tǒng)提供理論與技術(shù)支撐。
[Abstract]:Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) is a multi hop self-organizing network system composed of a large number of sensor nodes deployed in the detection area, which monitors, perceivs and collect the information of the monitoring objects in real time. Wireless sensor network is an important carrier for the promotion of the Internet of things, and the future extension of Internet The coverage and the key technologies to support pervasive computing. The rapid development of wireless sensor networks (WSN) promotes the realization of information perception, information interoperability and intelligent decision-making ability in the social production and life of the Internet of things, and has been widely used in many fields. It has shown great application value and has become a research heat at the present stage. Point.
As a new distributed computing platform for information acquisition and processing technology, wireless sensor networks have no central ad hoc networks, dynamic changes in network topology, limited communication and computing power, limited power and energy and other characteristics. The environment is unpredictability, and environmental factors such as vibration, electromagnetic, system noise and random noise. Interference causes error sensing data. Or because the movement of nodes is beyond the range of communication, object blocking, channel interference and data collision congestion, the quality of the network link is poor, and there is a temporary or permanent fault, resulting in the failure of the data transmission, affecting the transmission reliability and stability of the wireless sensor network and the self organization of the network. Ability, adaptability and robustness pose a greater challenge. High reliability and stability is still a difficult point in wireless sensor network technology.
Fault tolerant strategies can improve the robustness and transmission reliability of wireless sensor networks. The essence of the fault tolerant strategy is to find a reasonable fault tolerant control scheme in time when the detection network is abnormal or fault, and to adapt to a variety of network anomalies and continue to provide high credibility computing services. But based on the network structure formed in advance, It is unable to meet the large-scale and extensible requirements of wireless sensor networks. And because of network complexity and fault diversity and limited to actual application conditions, existing fault tolerant models simply abstract and extract features, lack independent online learning ability for new fault features, and seriously affect network fault tolerance performance. The existing fault characteristics need to be further studied in the dynamic adaptive fault tolerant structural framework, and the design of autonomous online fault tolerance.
The stability and reliability of network transmission will be affected by the nodes or link failures and working environment of wireless sensor networks. This paper is mainly on the wireless sensor network network layer, by taking active fault prevention or network anomaly fault tolerance to improve the reliability of network transmission. Routing algorithm, or using a variety of fault tolerant strategies in the network layer, or coalition control optimization, or the introduction of bionic immune mechanism and modern bionic intelligent algorithm to carry out network layer reliable transmission and fault tolerance research. The specific work is as follows:
(1) according to the Apocalypse of ant ant bionic intelligent algorithm for fault-tolerant routing of wireless sensor networks, a fault tolerant routing algorithm for wireless sensor networks with non-uniform hierarchical clustering is proposed. Based on the characteristics of backbone network, a mathematical model and a network topology are established, and an improved particle swarm algorithm (IPSO) is used to carry out the non-uniform static state of the network nodes. Clustering, constructing an inhomogeneous hierarchical clustering topology, introducing the optimal worst ant system (BWAS) to establish multiple transmission links between adjacent hierarchical nodes, and establishing fault tolerant network routing based on the ant pheromone normalized value as the selection probability of the transmission path. Meanwhile, the fault tolerance and complexity are theoretically analyzed and data packets are analyzed. Receiving rate, average transmission time and energy consumption equalization are simulated and analyzed.
(2) aiming at the influence of the coding mechanism on the transmission reliability of wireless sensor networks, a multipath reliable transmission strategy based on erasure coding is proposed. The hierarchical calibration of the network nodes and the determination of the path pheromone value according to the ant colony algorithm. The pheromone normalized value of the optimal ant system is based on the quality of the link. The multipath routing fault tolerance mechanism is set up between adjacent nodes, the erasure coding is optimized and the multi path load balancing mechanism based on erasure coding is established. The data packets of the source packets are allocated and transmitted along multiple paths through the erasure code, and the mathematical model is established and the theoretical analysis is carried out, and the load is tested by simulation. Balance and fault tolerance performance.
(3) aiming at the influence of the gradient strategy on the reliability and fault tolerance of network transmission, a multi-path reliable transmission fault tolerant strategy based on the gradient based wireless sensor network is proposed. First, the non-uniform topology of the two K mean unequal probability clusters is constructed, and the comprehensive measurement information of the node is calculated according to the quality evaluation function and the contour line is established, Jian Liji. In the multi-path routing of the gradient, the multi path transmission of load balanced erasure coding is implemented. A mathematical model of multi path transmission under the load balancing mechanism is established, and the network multiple performance indicators such as the successful transmission rate and energy efficiency of the data are theoretically analyzed and simulated.
(4) according to the immune system mechanism to construct the multi-path fault-tolerant routing of wireless sensor networks, a multi-path fault-tolerant routing algorithm based on immune system mechanism is proposed. The mechanism of immune system is studied. The artificial immune system model is associated with the attribute of the fault tolerance of the wireless sensor network. The basic problems such as cluster and immune multipath are the use of immune system mechanism to cluster the network to construct a compact cluster topology, using the immune system mechanism to optimize the multiple transmission paths of the initial mutual non cross transmission and form the optimal transmission path, set up a mathematical model and carry out the performance of the algorithm. Theoretical analysis is carried out to test the compactness of clustering algorithm, convergence and energy consumption of immune routing algorithm.
To sum up, this paper, focusing on the goal of improving the stable operation and reliable transmission of wireless sensor networks, constructs the related theory and method system of network fault tolerance, and establishes a fault bionic intelligent fault tolerant platform to improve the transmission reliability and operation stability of the wireless sensor network, for industrial monitoring, mine safety monitoring and agricultural biology. Environmental protection provides theoretical and technical support for WSN early warning system with high network reliability.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TN929.5;TP212.9

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