本文選題：RPL + 分簇路由��； 參考：《北京交通大學》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(Wireless Sensor Networks,WSNs)是由大量低成本、低功耗的微型傳感器節(jié)點構成,這些節(jié)點通常都具有感知環(huán)境、數(shù)據(jù)處理以及無線通信的能力。隨著無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡的大規(guī)模部署以及應用場景的日趨復雜,對其路由協(xié)議的性能提出了更高的要求。本文在深入研究現(xiàn)有無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡路由協(xié)議的基礎上,提出了一種基于RPL的分簇路由協(xié)議,并對其進行了實現(xiàn)與驗證。 本文首先深入研究了低功耗有損網(wǎng)絡的IPv6路由協(xié)議—RPL(IPv6Routing Protocol for Low-power and lossy networks(s)路由協(xié)議,對其路由構建過程及路由策略進行了詳細分析,并通過Cooja仿真平臺進行RPL路由協(xié)議的組網(wǎng)功能驗證,同時借助仿真工具從涓流機制、網(wǎng)絡修復及節(jié)點能耗等方面對其性能進行測試。 然后,本文在分析現(xiàn)有分簇路由算法的基礎上,提出了基于RPL的分簇路由協(xié)議。該協(xié)議采用簇首競爭機制,借助RPL路由協(xié)議中的相關參數(shù),在簇首選擇的過程中綜合考慮節(jié)點到網(wǎng)關的距離、剩余能量、鏈路狀態(tài)以及簇首位置分布等因素,通過分簇減少節(jié)點到網(wǎng)關的跳數(shù),使RPL路由樹適當扁平化,并采用由最優(yōu)父節(jié)點變化驅(qū)動的簇首輪換機制,平衡各節(jié)點的能耗,以達到網(wǎng)絡負載均衡的目的。本文詳細闡述了基于RPL的分簇路由協(xié)議的設計思想和關鍵機制,介紹了該路由協(xié)議中的控制信息報文格式以及定時器等的相關設計,描述了路由的建立過程。另外,本文選用Contiki操作系統(tǒng)作為開發(fā)平臺,介紹了該路由協(xié)議的具體實現(xiàn)過程,包括數(shù)據(jù)結構以及主要的功能模塊。 隨后,在Cooja仿真平臺上搭建了測試環(huán)境,對基于RPL的分簇路由協(xié)議進行仿真測試,驗證了其路由建立過程、數(shù)據(jù)包路由過程、簇首輪換過程以及網(wǎng)絡修復過程。最后,在北京交通大學下一代互聯(lián)網(wǎng)互連設備國家工程實驗室自主研發(fā)的IPv6微型傳感器節(jié)點MSN-213上成功地實現(xiàn)了基于RPL的分簇路由協(xié)議,并借助PACKET Sniffer無線探嗅器,對其進行了抓包分析和功能驗證。結果表明,使用該路由協(xié)議的IPv6微型傳感器節(jié)點能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)分簇功能并正常加入網(wǎng)絡,網(wǎng)關能夠獲取傳感器節(jié)點發(fā)出的數(shù)據(jù)包,當網(wǎng)絡中某節(jié)點失效時,能夠完成路由修復過程。
[Abstract]:Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) is composed of a large number of low cost, low power micro sensor nodes. These nodes usually have the ability to perceive environment, data processing and wireless communication. With the large-scale deployment of wireless sensor networks and the increasing complexity of the application scene, the routing protocol of the wireless sensor networks is more complex. In this paper, based on the in-depth study of the existing routing protocols for wireless sensor networks, a cluster routing protocol based on RPL is proposed, and its implementation and verification are carried out.
In this paper, the IPv6 routing protocol called RPL (IPv6Routing Protocol for Low-power and lossy networks (s) routing protocol for low power loss networks is studied in detail. The routing construction and routing strategy are analyzed in detail, and the verification of the networking function of the RPL routing protocol is carried out by the Cooja simulation platform, and the simulation tools are also used. Its performance is tested from trickle flow mechanism, network repair and node energy consumption.
Then, based on the analysis of the existing cluster routing algorithms, a cluster routing protocol based on RPL is proposed. The protocol adopts the cluster head competition mechanism and the related parameters in the RPL routing protocol. In the process of cluster head selection, the distance of nodes to the gateway, the residual energy, link state and the location of cluster head are considered in the process of cluster head selection. The excessive cluster reduces the number of nodes to the gateway, makes the RPL routing tree flattened properly, and uses the cluster first wheel, which is driven by the optimal parent node change, to balance the energy consumption of each node to achieve the goal of network load balancing. In this paper, the design idea and key mechanism of the cluster routing protocol based on RPL are elaborated in detail, and the routing association is introduced. The related design of information message format and timer, etc., describes the process of routing. In addition, the Contiki operating system is selected as the development platform, and the implementation process of the routing protocol is introduced, including the data structure and the main functional modules.
Then, the test environment is built on the Cooja simulation platform, and the RPL based cluster routing protocol is simulated and tested. The routing process, the packet routing process, the cluster first wheel change process and the network repair process are verified. Finally, the IPv6 of the National Engineering Laboratory of the next generation interconnection network of the Beijing Jiaotong University is independently developed by the National Engineering Laboratory of the next generation interconnected network. The cluster routing protocol based on RPL is successfully implemented on the micro sensor node MSN-213, and the packet analysis and function verification are carried out with the PACKET Sniffer wireless sniffer. The results show that the IPv6 micro sensor nodes using the routing protocol can implement the clustering function and join the network normally, and the gateway can obtain the sensor. The packets sent by nodes can complete the route repair process when a node in the network fails.
【學位授予單位】：北京交通大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TN929.5;TP212.9

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