本文選題：地理信息 + 無(wú)線傳感網(wǎng)絡(luò)��； 參考：《成都理工大學(xué)》2014年博士論文

【摘要】：近年來(lái)隨著數(shù)字地球、數(shù)字中國(guó)、數(shù)字城市、數(shù)字校園這些概念的新起，地理環(huán)境信息在人類(lèi)生產(chǎn)生活中的作用越來(lái)越重要，被廣泛的應(yīng)用于災(zāi)害預(yù)警、環(huán)境檢測(cè)、智能交通、基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施管理、突發(fā)事件處理等領(lǐng)域[1]。地理環(huán)境信息和時(shí)間密切相關(guān)，需要及時(shí)的采集和更新，還可以從同一區(qū)域不同時(shí)間段內(nèi)采集到的數(shù)據(jù)和信息中尋找出分布規(guī)律，作出相應(yīng)的預(yù)測(cè)和預(yù)報(bào)。在采集地理環(huán)境信息時(shí)，要考慮保護(hù)生態(tài)環(huán)境、盡量減少對(duì)原生環(huán)境的影響，采集的數(shù)據(jù)數(shù)量大、種類(lèi)多、具有連續(xù)性和實(shí)時(shí)性，而且建立地理環(huán)境信息監(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng)還有低成本、方便快捷、無(wú)人值守等要求。無(wú)線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)(Wireless Sensor Networks，WSN)是多學(xué)科知識(shí)與技術(shù)交叉融合形成的一種分布式智能網(wǎng)絡(luò)系統(tǒng)，可對(duì)人們感興趣的區(qū)域或目標(biāo)進(jìn)行智能化的監(jiān)測(cè)和數(shù)據(jù)采集，它具備部署快捷、使用靈活、成本低，無(wú)人值守，且對(duì)監(jiān)測(cè)區(qū)域不會(huì)造成過(guò)多的影響的特點(diǎn)[2]，這些特點(diǎn)符合我們對(duì)地理環(huán)境信息監(jiān)測(cè)的需求，所以選擇WSN進(jìn)行地理環(huán)境信息監(jiān)測(cè)是非常理想的。 在無(wú)線傳感網(wǎng)絡(luò)中，傳感器節(jié)點(diǎn)受到自身能量供應(yīng)、帶寬資源和部署方式等條件的限制，在網(wǎng)絡(luò)的設(shè)計(jì)和管理有著不少的困難和挑戰(zhàn)，在各種困難和挑戰(zhàn)中，網(wǎng)絡(luò)生存時(shí)間是非常突出的問(wèn)題，由于網(wǎng)絡(luò)中傳感器節(jié)點(diǎn)由自身攜帶的電量有限的電池供電，一旦電池電量耗盡，網(wǎng)絡(luò)就失效，因此高效利用有限能量，在維持網(wǎng)絡(luò)性能的情況下盡可能的延長(zhǎng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)生存時(shí)間成了無(wú)線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)中需要重點(diǎn)研究的問(wèn)題之一。本文以延長(zhǎng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)生存時(shí)間為目的，從節(jié)約與均衡能耗的角度出發(fā)，對(duì)無(wú)線傳感器路由進(jìn)行深入的分析與探討，希望通過(guò)相關(guān)的研究提供一種解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題的途徑和參考方案。 路由協(xié)議是無(wú)線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)的關(guān)鍵技術(shù)之一，也是無(wú)線傳感網(wǎng)絡(luò)節(jié)能研究領(lǐng)域里一個(gè)重要研究方向，路由協(xié)議在關(guān)注每個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn)節(jié)能的同時(shí)還應(yīng)該關(guān)注整個(gè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)各節(jié)點(diǎn)能耗的均衡，，這樣可以有效的延長(zhǎng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的生命周期。 在研究過(guò)程中，本文首先對(duì)無(wú)線傳感網(wǎng)絡(luò)的特點(diǎn)及將之應(yīng)用于地理環(huán)境信息采集的優(yōu)勢(shì)進(jìn)行了研究與總結(jié)，然后對(duì)無(wú)線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)的發(fā)展、研究現(xiàn)狀和應(yīng)用情況進(jìn)行充分的調(diào)研與總結(jié)；其次對(duì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)節(jié)點(diǎn)耗能原因和節(jié)能策略做了分析與研究；隨后從無(wú)線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)的協(xié)議棧架構(gòu)出發(fā)，分析和總結(jié)了網(wǎng)絡(luò)各個(gè)協(xié)議層的耗能原因、節(jié)能關(guān)鍵技術(shù)及跨層次路由設(shè)計(jì)的優(yōu)點(diǎn)和現(xiàn)狀；最后對(duì)不同的路由協(xié)議進(jìn)行了分析、研究和比較，對(duì)分簇路由中的LEACH協(xié)議及多種LEACH的改進(jìn)協(xié)議的原理及不足之處做了詳細(xì)的分析與研究，并在此基礎(chǔ)上提出了優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)，有效的提高了路由的性能。 本文針對(duì)LEACH協(xié)議中組簇過(guò)程使用加入最近簇頭的方式造成的分簇不均勻的缺點(diǎn)，提出了簡(jiǎn)單有效的成簇策略；對(duì)LEACH協(xié)議中簇頭選擇的隨機(jī)性和不考慮剩余能量的缺點(diǎn)也提出了簇頭選舉的改進(jìn)策略；同時(shí)針對(duì)LEACH協(xié)議中簇頭使用單跳方式與基站進(jìn)行通信的缺點(diǎn)，建立了一種簇間混合多跳路由模型（MMHBC）；最后根據(jù)分簇路由的一般設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程，提出了一種基于非均勻分簇半徑的雙簇頭混合多跳路由（NRDMMH）模型，對(duì)分簇過(guò)程中的簇頭選舉策略、分簇組簇策略、簇間路由選擇及建立策略做了詳細(xì)的設(shè)計(jì)；通過(guò)仿真驗(yàn)證，實(shí)驗(yàn)證明該模型能有效的節(jié)約節(jié)點(diǎn)能量、均衡網(wǎng)絡(luò)能耗及延長(zhǎng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)生命期，具有十分重要的科學(xué)意義和應(yīng)用價(jià)值。 本文的主要貢獻(xiàn)和創(chuàng)新如下： （1）提出了一種節(jié)點(diǎn)均勻分布狀態(tài)下的均衡分配成簇策略（UDEM）。通過(guò)對(duì)分簇協(xié)議和經(jīng)典成簇策略的研究與分析，提出了一種均衡分配成簇策略，研究與實(shí)驗(yàn)表明該成簇策略在節(jié)點(diǎn)均勻分布的狀態(tài)下，能很好的保證分簇的均衡性； （2）提出了一種節(jié)點(diǎn)非均勻分布狀態(tài)下的均衡分配成簇策略（UUDEM）。通過(guò)對(duì)分簇協(xié)議和經(jīng)典成簇策略的研究與分析，提出了一種均衡分配成簇策略，研究與實(shí)驗(yàn)表明該模型在節(jié)點(diǎn)非均勻分布狀態(tài)下，能很好的保障分簇的均衡性； （3）提出了一種簇間混合多跳路由模型（MMHBC）。通過(guò)對(duì)LEACH協(xié)議的研究與分析，針對(duì)LEACH協(xié)議中簇頭與基站直接使用單跳方式通信而使距離基站較遠(yuǎn)的簇頭節(jié)點(diǎn)能量過(guò)早耗盡的缺點(diǎn)進(jìn)行改進(jìn)，提出了一種簇間混合多跳路由模型，通過(guò)選擇性進(jìn)行單跳或多跳傳輸方式來(lái)均衡網(wǎng)絡(luò)能耗。通過(guò)仿真實(shí)驗(yàn)分析，與LEACH的改進(jìn)協(xié)議EEUC協(xié)議進(jìn)行比較，該設(shè)計(jì)比EEUC來(lái)說(shuō)，每輪平均能降低網(wǎng)絡(luò)能耗18%、延長(zhǎng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)生命期近15%； （4）提出了一種基于非均勻分簇半徑的雙簇頭混合多跳路由模型（NRDMMH）。通過(guò)對(duì)分簇路由實(shí)現(xiàn)的一般過(guò)程的研究與分析，提出了一種基于非均勻分簇半徑的雙簇頭混合多跳路由模型，考慮了監(jiān)測(cè)區(qū)域的分層、簇頭分簇半徑的計(jì)算、簇頭的選舉、組簇的方式、以及簇間路由的建立，研究與仿真實(shí)驗(yàn)表明，該模型與LEACH、 EEUC這兩個(gè)經(jīng)典模型進(jìn)行比較，延長(zhǎng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)生命期近84%與18%，能有效的降低節(jié)點(diǎn)通信代價(jià)、均衡網(wǎng)絡(luò)能耗。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the new concept of digital earth, digital China, digital city and digital campus, the role of geographic information in human life is becoming more and more important. It is widely used in disaster early warning, environment detection, intelligent transportation, infrastructure management, process of incident processing and other fields of [1]. geographical information and time. It is necessary to collect and update timely, and to find out the distribution rules from the data and information collected in the same area at different time periods, and make the corresponding prediction and forecast. When collecting geographic information, we should consider the protection of the ecological environment and minimize the impact on the primary environment. The Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) is a distributed intelligent network system which is formed by the interdisciplinary integration of multidisciplinary knowledge and technology, which can carry out intelligence on people interested areas or targets. It has the characteristics of quick deployment, flexible use, low cost, unattended, and no excessive impact on the monitoring area, [2]. These features conform to the requirements of our geographic information monitoring, so it is very ideal to select WSN to monitor the geographic information.
In wireless sensor networks, sensor nodes are limited by their own energy supply, bandwidth resources and deployment methods. There are many difficulties and challenges in the design and management of the network. In various difficulties and challenges, the network survival time is a very prominent problem, and the amount of electricity carried by the sensor nodes in the network is carried by the sensor nodes. When the battery power is limited, the network becomes invalid once the battery is exhausted. Therefore, it is one of the key problems to use the limited energy to prolong the network lifetime in the condition of maintaining the network performance. This paper is aimed at prolonging the network survival time, from the angle of saving and balancing the energy consumption. Based on the analysis and discussion of wireless sensor routing, we hope to provide a way to solve this problem through related research.
Routing protocol is one of the key technologies of wireless sensor networks. It is also an important research direction in the field of energy saving research in wireless sensor networks. The routing protocol should pay attention to the energy consumption of each node in the whole network while paying attention to the energy saving of each node, so that the life cycle of the network can be extended effectively.
In the process of research, the characteristics of wireless sensor network and the advantages of applying it to geographic information collection are studied and summarized, and then the development of wireless sensor network, research status and application situation are fully investigated and summarized. Secondly, the reasons for energy consumption and energy saving strategy of network nodes are analyzed. And then, starting from the protocol stack architecture of wireless sensor network, this paper analyzes and summarizes the reasons for energy consumption of each protocol layer, the advantages and the status of the energy saving key technology and the cross layer routing design. Finally, it analyzes the different routing protocols, studies and compares the LEACH protocol in the cluster routing and the modification of a variety of LEACH. The principles and shortcomings of the protocol are analyzed and studied in detail. Based on this, the optimization design is proposed, which improves the performance of routing effectively.
In this paper, a simple and effective clustering strategy is proposed in this paper, which is a simple and effective clustering strategy by using the nearest cluster head in the cluster process of the LEACH protocol. The improvement strategy of cluster head election is proposed for the randomness of the cluster head selection and the disadvantage of the residual energy in the LEACH protocol. At the same time, the cluster head is used in the LEACH protocol. A hybrid multi hop routing model (MMHBC) is established for the single hop mode communication with the base station. Finally, according to the general design process of the cluster routing, a two cluster head hybrid multi hop routing (NRDMMH) model based on the inhomogeneous cluster radius is proposed. The cluster head election strategy, cluster cluster strategy and inter cluster route in the cluster process are proposed. The detailed design is made by selecting and establishing the strategy. Through the simulation, the experiment proves that the model can effectively save the energy of the nodes, balance the energy consumption of the network and prolong the life period of the network. It has very important scientific significance and application value.
The main contributions and innovations of this paper are as follows:
(1) a balanced distribution clustering strategy (UDEM) is proposed in the uniform distribution of nodes. By the research and analysis of the clustering protocol and the classical clustering strategy, a balanced allocation strategy is proposed. The research and experiment show that the clustering strategy can ensure the equilibrium of the cluster well in the uniform distribution of nodes.
(2) a balanced allocation clustering strategy (UUDEM) is proposed in the non-uniform distribution of nodes. By the research and analysis of the cluster protocol and the classical clustering strategy, a balanced allocation strategy is proposed. The research and experiment show that the model can ensure the equilibrium of the cluster in the non-uniform distribution of nodes.
(3) a hybrid multi hop routing model (MMHBC) is proposed. Through the research and analysis of the LEACH protocol, a new hybrid multi hop routing model is proposed, and a hybrid multi hop routing model is proposed for the cluster head and base station directly using single hop communication in LEACH protocol, and a hybrid multi hop routing model is proposed. Compared with the improved protocol EEUC protocol of LEACH, compared with the improved protocol of LEACH, this design can reduce the network energy consumption by 18% and prolong the network life period of nearly 15%, compared with the improved protocol of the EEUC.
(4) a double cluster head hybrid multi hop routing model (NRDMMH) based on the inhomogeneous clustering radius is proposed. By the research and analysis of the general process of clustering routing, a hybrid multi hop routing model based on the inhomogeneous cluster radius is proposed. It considers the stratification of the monitoring area, the calculation of the cluster head's cluster radius, and the cluster head. The mode of election, cluster, and the establishment of inter cluster routing, research and simulation experiments show that the model is compared with the two classical models of LEACH and EEUC, which can prolong the network life period of nearly 84% and 18%, which can effectively reduce the cost of node communication and balance the energy consumption of the network.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：成都理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TN929.5;TP212.9

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