本文選題：原型全息天線 + 小型化��； 參考：《西安電子科技大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：全息天線的研究已成為一大熱點,全息的概念來源于光學(xué),但在微波頻段發(fā)揮了其更大的應(yīng)用前景,其結(jié)構(gòu)簡單,饋源形式靈活,以新的理念——干涉,來構(gòu)建散射器結(jié)構(gòu),進而產(chǎn)生具有目標(biāo)輻射特性的波束。本文從全息的研究現(xiàn)狀及目前研究中所存在的問題著手,確定了全息的研究背景;經(jīng)過分析,確定了本文的主要工作及研究思路,根據(jù)核心工作確定我們的研究方法和需要的輔助工具,核心工作主要包括以下幾個方面的內(nèi)容。首先,從全息天線的結(jié)構(gòu)和理論出發(fā),計算了饋源天線與目標(biāo)輻射特性的干涉場,得到干涉圖樣;采用金屬條帶的方式近似構(gòu)建干涉圖樣——全息結(jié)構(gòu),設(shè)計得到橢圓族金屬條帶構(gòu)成的原型全息天線。接著,針對原型全息天線尺寸較大的問題,實現(xiàn)了其小型化設(shè)計。核心思想是提高全息天線的有效輻射口徑,通過對全息結(jié)構(gòu)能量分布的分析,定性地確定小型化方法——去除冗余的、無效的散射區(qū)域,并采取理想磁導(dǎo)體(PMC)截斷的方式引入合適的陣因子,提高天線增益;然后利用PMC截斷與適當(dāng)位置處的自然截斷的等效關(guān)系,進一步簡化結(jié)構(gòu),降低成本。最后,對原型全息天線和其小型化天線進行加工制版、實驗測試,實驗證明,實測結(jié)果與仿真結(jié)果吻合良好。最終,不僅大幅降低了天線面積,而且,將天線增益提高3.61dB(實測)。然后,闡述了全息天線在天線測試方面的新應(yīng)用,針對傳統(tǒng)的緊縮測試場采用的反射面曲面表面加工精度高、成本較高的問題,提出了用平面的全息結(jié)構(gòu)來代替彎曲的反射面,有效降低了緊縮場測試對校準(zhǔn)單元的表面精度的要求;同時,平面結(jié)構(gòu)更易高精度地制造,并降低了成本,產(chǎn)生了良好的靜區(qū)。最后,為了避免上述全息緊縮場天線系統(tǒng)的饋源對準(zhǔn)、固定問題,設(shè)計完成了平面化或者共形化的全息緊縮測試場系統(tǒng),先從平面化全息天線的實現(xiàn)出發(fā),將其饋源天線作為本設(shè)計的饋源天線的陣列單元——平面印刷偶極子,全息結(jié)構(gòu)的構(gòu)建方式與前述相同,這樣,饋源天線與全息結(jié)構(gòu)被印制在同一塊介質(zhì)板表面,這種結(jié)構(gòu)易集成,不存在機械地進行饋源對準(zhǔn)和固定,且很大程度上降低了緊縮場系統(tǒng)占據(jù)的空間,更重要的,產(chǎn)生了基本滿足要求的靜區(qū),靜區(qū)場的幅度和相位變化均符合緊縮測試場靜區(qū)的變化特性,進一步優(yōu)化,能夠得到更優(yōu)良的靜區(qū)特性。
[Abstract]:The research of holographic antenna has become a hot topic. The concept of holography comes from optics, but it has a larger application prospect in microwave frequency band. Its structure is simple, the feed form is flexible, and the new concept-interference is used to construct the scatterler structure. In turn, a beam with the radiation characteristics of the target is generated. In this paper, the research background of holography is determined from the status quo of holography research and the problems existing in the present research, and the main work and research ideas of this paper are determined through analysis. According to the core work to determine our research methods and needs of the auxiliary tools, the core work mainly includes the following aspects. Firstly, based on the structure and theory of the holographic antenna, the interference field of the radiation characteristics between the feed antenna and the target is calculated and the interference pattern is obtained. A prototype holographic antenna composed of elliptical metal strip is designed. Then, the miniaturization design of the prototype holographic antenna is realized. The core idea is to improve the effective radiation aperture of the holographic antenna. By analyzing the energy distribution of the holographic structure, the miniaturization method is determined qualitatively to remove the redundant and invalid scattering region. The ideal magnetic conductor PMC truncation is used to introduce the appropriate array factor to increase the antenna gain, and the equivalent relationship between the PMC truncation and the natural truncation at the appropriate position is used to further simplify the structure and reduce the cost. Finally, the prototype holographic antenna and its miniaturized antenna are processed and plate-making. The experimental results show that the measured results are in good agreement with the simulation results. Finally, not only the antenna area is greatly reduced, but also the antenna gain is increased by 3.61 dB. Then, the new application of holographic antenna in antenna testing is described. Aiming at the problems of high precision and high cost of surface machining of reflector surface used in the traditional compact test field, a plane holographic structure is proposed to replace the curved reflector. At the same time, the plane structure is easier to be manufactured with high precision, and the cost is reduced, and a good static zone is produced. Finally, in order to avoid the feed alignment and fixed problem of the holographic compact field antenna system mentioned above, a plane or conformal holographic contraction test field system is designed and completed. The first step is to realize the plane holographic antenna. The feed antenna is used as the array element of the feed antenna of the design, the planar printed dipole, and the holographic structure is constructed in the same way as mentioned above, so that the feed antenna and the holographic structure are printed on the surface of the same dielectric plate. This structure is easy to integrate, there is no mechanical feed alignment and fixation, and to a large extent reduces the space occupied by the compact field system, and, more importantly, produces a static zone that basically meets the requirements. The variation of amplitude and phase of the static field accords with the variation of the static zone of the compression test field. Further optimization can obtain better static characteristics.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西安電子科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TN820

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1 劉麗娜;朱峰;徐常偉;牛大鵬;邱日強;;理想導(dǎo)體邊界條件截斷對稱結(jié)構(gòu)計算空間的FDTD實現(xiàn)[J];光電工程;2013年11期

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本文編號：1875739