本文選題：共形球面陣 + 交叉極化　； 參考：《桂林電子科技大學》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著目前民用及軍事現(xiàn)代化信息技術的發(fā)展，“空天地一體化”信息網(wǎng)絡技術是未來的發(fā)展方向，其中空間全方位通信起著越來越重要的作用。對于衛(wèi)星通信、機載通信，“動中通”等移動通信系統(tǒng)，作為中繼通信的空中平臺，在國防、軍事及民用中的作用日趨重要；尤其在一些自然災害（地震、火災、洪水等）和人為事件（恐怖襲擊等）等突發(fā)事件發(fā)生，并對常規(guī)移動通信設施造成破壞時，建立空中平臺應急系統(tǒng)是提高對突發(fā)事件、緊急情況的應變處置能力和維系通信的強有力手段。美國已建立“空天地一體化”的通信鏈路，利用空中平臺對特定區(qū)域進行微波中繼通信，實現(xiàn)了區(qū)域覆蓋的廣播通信，已應用于偏遠山區(qū)的通信和廣播、軍隊的區(qū)域作戰(zhàn)、以及突發(fā)事件等領域。 為了滿足空中平臺通信系統(tǒng)的需求，實現(xiàn)半空間全方位的電磁波輻射，在眾多天線系統(tǒng)設計方案中，共形球面陣天線具有不可比擬的優(yōu)勢，同時也可用于其它地面通信系統(tǒng)，尤其是移動通信；另外，該天線技術亦可用于定位、雷達和導航中。 綜上所述，論文結合國家自然科學基金項目開展工作，研究用于空中平臺的共形球面陣天線技術，文中詳細論述了共形球面陣多波束天線的相關設計問題。論文的主要研究內容和工作成果如下： 1.在共形球面陣的單元天線設計中，采用了圓極化微帶貼片天線作為基本單元，，同時采用了介質基板加載方案和縫隙耦合饋電方式，實現(xiàn)了高增益以及較寬的工作頻帶。實測結果表明，所設計的圓極化微帶貼片天線在寬頻帶范圍內，達到了高增益和優(yōu)良軸比的特性。 2.在共形球面陣的布陣形式設計中，研究了球面陣的布陣形式，并重點闡述了子空間劃分思想和可重構子陣技術，將所需覆蓋的半空間劃分成3大區(qū)共25個子空間，以及將球面陣劃分出25個對應的子陣，通過子陣的多波束實現(xiàn)半空間覆蓋。 3.研究了共形球面陣天線單元的非同向極化問題，理論分析了圓極化天線的交叉極化特性，并推導了采用圓極化天線作為單元的共形球面陣的遠場方向圖分極化表達式，進一步給出了一種有效降低圓極化共形球面陣天線的交叉極化比的方法，理論研究和仿真分析證明了該方法的有效性。 4.研究了共形球面陣天線的波束成形算法問題，設計了一種用于共形球面陣天線的三維方向圖綜合算法，該算法結合了現(xiàn)有主流智能優(yōu)化算法的優(yōu)勢，如遺傳算法，粒子群算法等。并添加了控制算子和自適應算子，進一步改進了綜合算法，仿真對比結果表明，該算法具有全局搜索和收斂快的優(yōu)點。 5.研究了在大功分比條件下，微帶T型不等功分器的設計方法。討論了常規(guī)T型不等功分器的設計局限性，在此基礎上，提出了2種新型T型不等功分器的設計方法：一種是利用單枝節(jié)網(wǎng)絡等效替換高阻抗線來實現(xiàn)大功分比，解決了高阻抗線的實際加工問題，具有明顯的工程實用價值。另一種是采用短截線實現(xiàn)任意功分比，回避了高阻抗線的問題。最后利用該方法制作了一個T型不等功分器，實測結果和仿真數(shù)據(jù)吻合良好，證明了該設計方法的正確性和有效性。 最后，在以上理論研究基礎上，完成了共形球面陣天線的實物加工和測試，實測結果表明所設計的共形球面陣天線能夠滿足設計要求，達到預期目的，并且仿真方向圖與實測方向圖相符較好。進一步證實了理論研究的正確性。
[Abstract]:With the development of modern civil and military information technology, the "empty space integration" information network technology is the future development direction, and the spatial omnidirectional communication plays a more and more important role. For satellite communication, airborne communication, "moving medium" and other mobile communication systems, as the relay communication air platform, in the national defense and army In particular, in some natural disasters (earthquake, fire, flood, etc.) and human events (terrorist attacks) and other sudden events, and the destruction of conventional mobile communication facilities, the establishment of an emergency system for the air platform is to improve the emergency handling capacity and maintain communication. Powerful means. The United States has established the "empty space integration" communication link, using the air platform to carry on the microwave relay communication to the specific area, realizing the regional coverage broadcast communication. It has been applied to the remote mountainous area communication and broadcasting, the army's regional operations, and the emergencies and so on.
In order to meet the needs of the air platform communication system and realize the omnidirectional electromagnetic wave radiation in half space, the conformal spherical array antenna has unparalleled advantages in the design of many antenna systems, and can also be used in other ground communication systems, especially mobile communications, and the antenna technology can also be used for positioning, radar and navigation. Middle.
To sum up, the paper combines the National Natural Science Foundation project to study the conformal spherical array antenna for the air platform. In this paper, the related design problems of the conformal spherical array multi beam antenna are discussed in detail. The main research content and the work results are as follows:
1. the circular polarized microstrip patch antenna is used as the basic unit in the design of the conformal spherical array antenna array. At the same time, the dielectric substrate loading scheme and the slot coupling feed mode are adopted to achieve high gain and wide working frequency band. The measured results show that the designed circular polarized microstrip patch antenna is achieved in the wide band range. The characteristics of high gain and excellent axial ratio.
2. in the layout design of the conformal spherical array, the array form of the spherical array is studied, and the subspace division idea and the reconfigurable subarray technology are emphatically expounded. The required half space is divided into 25 subspaces in 3 large areas, and the spherical array is divided into 25 corresponding subarrays, and the semi space coverage is realized through the multi beam of the subarray.
3. the non identical polarization problem of the conformal spherical array antenna element is studied. The cross polarization characteristics of the circular polarized antenna are analyzed theoretically. The polarization expression of the far field pattern of the conformal spherical array with circular polarization antenna is derived, and the cross polarization ratio of the circular polarized spherical array antenna is further given. The method, theoretical research and simulation analysis prove the effectiveness of the method.
4. the beamforming algorithm of conformal spherical array antenna is studied. A comprehensive algorithm for 3D directional map for conformal spherical array antennas is designed. The algorithm combines the advantages of existing mainstream intelligent optimization algorithms, such as genetic algorithm and particle swarm optimization, and adds the control arithmetic and adaptive operators, and further improves the comprehensive algorithm. The simulation results show that the algorithm has the advantages of global search and fast convergence.
5. the design method of the microstrip T type unequal power divider is studied under the condition of large power division ratio. The design limitation of the conventional T type unequal power divider is discussed. On this basis, the design method of 2 new T type unequal power dividers is proposed. One is to replace the high impedance line by the equivalent replacement of the high impedance line by the single dendrite network, and to solve the high impedance line. The actual processing problem has obvious practical value of engineering. The other is to use short intercept to realize the arbitrary power score ratio and avoid the problem of high impedance line. At last, a T type unequal power divider is made with this method. The measured results are in good agreement with the simulation data, which proves the correctness and validity of the method.
Finally, on the basis of the above theoretical research, the physical processing and testing of the conformal spherical array antenna have been completed. The measured results show that the designed conformal spherical array antenna can meet the design requirements, achieve the desired purpose, and the simulation direction is in good agreement with the measured direction map. The correctness of the theoretical research is confirmed by the further step.

【學位授予單位】：桂林電子科技大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TN820

【參考文獻】

相關博士學位論文 前2條

1 張凡;錐臺共形陣天線與特定用途天線研究[D];西安電子科技大學;2011年

2 何慶強;共形輻射單元及共形陣列研究[D];電子科技大學;2008年

本文編號：1810044