本文選題：微小衛(wèi)星 + 四臂螺旋天線�。� 參考：《浙江大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：微小衛(wèi)星是當(dāng)今航天領(lǐng)域的研究熱點(diǎn),其因具有體積小,研發(fā)周期短,研發(fā)成本低等優(yōu)點(diǎn)而受到各航天強(qiáng)國的普遍重視,現(xiàn)已越來越廣泛地應(yīng)用于通信、對地遙感、行星際探測、科學(xué)研究和技術(shù)試驗(yàn)等。天線系統(tǒng)是衛(wèi)星通信模塊中不可或缺的一部分,對衛(wèi)星系統(tǒng)性能的影響至關(guān)重要,而且往往占據(jù)著相當(dāng)大的體積,隨著微小衛(wèi)星小型化、微型化的發(fā)展,也對應(yīng)用于微小衛(wèi)星的天線提出了小型化需求。 四臂螺旋天線具有良好的半球心形方向圖,其優(yōu)良的寬波束和圓極化特性被廣泛應(yīng)用于衛(wèi)星通訊。本文綜述了微小衛(wèi)星天線的一般要求,分析了四臂螺旋天線的結(jié)構(gòu)和工作原理,并針對微小衛(wèi)星的應(yīng)用,解決了四臂螺旋天線小型化問題,為四臂螺旋天線在小衛(wèi)星特別是皮衛(wèi)星上得到應(yīng)用打下基礎(chǔ)。 論文的主要工作與成果有： 1.詳細(xì)分析了微小衛(wèi)星的應(yīng)用需求,基于此,提出了微小衛(wèi)星天線的主要設(shè)計(jì)指標(biāo)：具有上半空間的全向方向圖,極化方式為右旋圓極化,工作頻率為2.065GHz,軸向增益2dBi。針對傳統(tǒng)四臂螺旋天線存在的不足,研究了其小型化和饋電的解決方案。 2.設(shè)計(jì)了一種圓柱體介質(zhì)加載的四臂螺旋天線,工作頻率為2.065GHz,其尺寸為高14mm,半徑5mm,采用相對介電常數(shù)為36的微波陶瓷加載,利用同軸線通過天線軸心在頂部對天線饋電,天線底部集成套筒巴倫,實(shí)現(xiàn)平衡饋電,同時(shí),利用激光刻蝕天線頂部螺旋臂實(shí)現(xiàn)四臂正交饋電。通過CST三維電磁仿真軟件對天線設(shè)計(jì)進(jìn)行仿真,結(jié)果表明,該天線具有寬波束的心形方向圖,3dB波束寬度大于120度,在波束寬度范圍內(nèi)圓極化良好。最后利用仿真驗(yàn)證了激光刻蝕螺旋臂實(shí)現(xiàn)正交饋電的可行性。 3.針對介質(zhì)天線的制作,本文提出了一種磁控濺射金屬化加激光刻蝕的新工藝,利用計(jì)算機(jī)數(shù)控結(jié)合激光刻蝕的柔性加工技術(shù)完成陶瓷基體上螺旋臂的加工,簡化了傳統(tǒng)工藝,提高了加工精度,所制得的天線具備良好的機(jī)械性能,同時(shí)也為相關(guān)曲面共形天線的加工提供了參考。最后,對制作完成的天線進(jìn)行了有關(guān)項(xiàng)目的實(shí)測,測試結(jié)果達(dá)到預(yù)期。
[Abstract]:Microsatellite is the research hotspot in the space field nowadays. Because of its advantages of small size, short research and development cycle and low R & D cost, it has been widely used in communication and remote sensing of the earth because of its advantages such as small size, short R & D cycle, low R & D cost and so on. Interplanetary exploration, scientific research and technical experiments. Antenna system is an indispensable part of satellite communication module. It is very important to the performance of satellite system, and often occupies a large volume. With the development of miniaturization and miniaturization of microsatellites, The miniaturization of the antenna used in microsatellites is also proposed. The four-arm helical antenna has good hemispheric heart-shape pattern and its excellent characteristics of wide beam and circular polarization are widely used in satellite communication. In this paper, the general requirements of microsatellite antenna are summarized, the structure and working principle of four-arm spiral antenna are analyzed, and the miniaturization problem of four-arm helical antenna is solved for the application of micro-satellite. It lays the foundation for the application of four-arm helical antenna on small satellites, especially on skin satellites. The main work and achievements of the thesis are as follows: 1. The application requirements of microsatellite are analyzed in detail. Based on this, the main design parameters of microsatellite antenna are proposed: the omnidirectional pattern with upper half space, the right-handed circular polarization, the working frequency of 2.065 GHz, and the axial gain of 2dBi. Aiming at the shortage of traditional four-arm spiral antenna, the miniaturization and feed solution are studied. 2. A cylindrical dielectric loaded four-arm spiral antenna is designed. The working frequency is 2.065 GHz, the size is 14mm, the radius is 5mm, the microwave ceramic is loaded with relative dielectric constant 36, and the coaxial line is fed to the antenna through the center of the antenna at the top. The bottom of the antenna is integrated with the sleeve Barron to realize the balanced feed. At the same time, the quadrature feed is realized by the laser etching of the top helical arm of the antenna. The antenna design is simulated by CST software. The results show that the beamwidth of 3dB beam with wide beam is larger than 120degrees, and the circular polarization is good in the range of beamwidth. Finally, the feasibility of realizing orthogonal feed by laser etching spiral arm is verified by simulation. 3. A new technology of magnetron sputtering metallization and laser etching is proposed for the fabrication of dielectric antenna. The machining of spiral arm on ceramic substrate is accomplished by computer numerical control combined with laser etching, which simplifies the traditional technology. The processing accuracy is improved and the antenna has good mechanical properties. It also provides a reference for the machining of the conformal antenna with curved surface. Finally, the antenna is measured and the test results are up to expectations.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TN828.5

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