本文選題：超寬帶 + 測(cè)距　； 參考：《中國(guó)海洋大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：超寬帶（Ultra-Wide Band, UWB）無(wú)線通信是一種無(wú)需載波調(diào)制采用納秒級(jí)別窄脈沖的通信技術(shù)。無(wú)需載波調(diào)制以及窄脈沖決定了UWB通信具有設(shè)備簡(jiǎn)單，穿透能力強(qiáng)，時(shí)間分辨率強(qiáng)，抗多徑能力強(qiáng)的優(yōu)勢(shì)，因此定位精度極高。IEEE802.15.4a標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是IEEE提出的第一個(gè)精確測(cè)距定位的無(wú)線物理層標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。其中給出了UWB室內(nèi)定位的信道完整模型，給出了九種信道實(shí)例。標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中給定的通信協(xié)議也是UWB定位所需要遵循的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。但是其中也有不少要解決的問(wèn)題，這些問(wèn)題都會(huì)影響UWB室內(nèi)定位的精度，例如對(duì)于單基站定位的研究，UWB定位中適用于單基站定位的通信協(xié)議，定位系統(tǒng)中的同步的問(wèn)題。 本論文主要針對(duì)單基站定位系統(tǒng)中單基站定位基站的設(shè)計(jì)、基站與定位標(biāo)簽之間的同步以及根據(jù)IEEE802.15.4a標(biāo)準(zhǔn)擴(kuò)展或者重新設(shè)計(jì)適用于單基站的定位通信協(xié)議等問(wèn)題進(jìn)行了大量的研究。在查閱了大量的國(guó)內(nèi)外文獻(xiàn)資料的基礎(chǔ)上設(shè)計(jì)了基于單基站的UWB高精度定位的系統(tǒng)模型；創(chuàng)新性的給出了定位通信幀的結(jié)構(gòu)，特別是對(duì)于同步頭和物理層協(xié)議頭的設(shè)計(jì)，給出了時(shí)間戳報(bào)文的設(shè)計(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)；提出了一種基于線性回歸的雙向時(shí)鐘同步算法，對(duì)于幀和脈沖級(jí)別的信號(hào)傳播時(shí)延的同步給出理論推導(dǎo)。論文的主要內(nèi)容如下： 首先介紹了常見的無(wú)線定位方式、UWB的基本定義、特點(diǎn)和對(duì)應(yīng)的優(yōu)勢(shì)。闡述了UWB系統(tǒng)中同步問(wèn)題的重要意義和研究?jī)r(jià)值以及國(guó)內(nèi)外的研究現(xiàn)狀。 接著從測(cè)量時(shí)間（差）、角度、能量（幅度）的角度詳細(xì)論述了無(wú)線定位的原理。主要有基于時(shí)間的TOA、TDOA和基于角度的AOA、以及基于能量的RSS。最后給出了定位算法中經(jīng)常使用到的最小二乘法以及加權(quán)廣義最小二乘法，并做出了詳細(xì)的推導(dǎo)。 為了進(jìn)行高精度的仿真，設(shè)計(jì)了一種UWB單基站定位系統(tǒng)。對(duì)系統(tǒng)的基站建設(shè)、定位標(biāo)簽設(shè)計(jì)、信道做出了詳細(xì)的論述，為接下來(lái)進(jìn)行定位同步仿真打下了基礎(chǔ)。在基站的建設(shè)中詳細(xì)論述了UWB信號(hào)的選取調(diào)制以及定位標(biāo)簽和基站都需要考慮的信號(hào)的接收問(wèn)題。 在IEEE802.15.4a信道通信協(xié)議的基礎(chǔ)上設(shè)計(jì)了基于單基站的UWB定位通信幀的組成結(jié)構(gòu)，重點(diǎn)闡明了同步頭的結(jié)構(gòu)以及作用，擴(kuò)展了物理層協(xié)議頭的功能，最后設(shè)計(jì)了用于傳輸時(shí)刻信息的時(shí)間戳報(bào)文結(jié)構(gòu)。 介紹了經(jīng)典雙向測(cè)距的算法，接著提出了一種用于時(shí)鐘同步的算法估算基站與定位標(biāo)簽之間的時(shí)鐘頻偏和時(shí)鐘位移。在脈沖同步的基礎(chǔ)上論述了估計(jì)信號(hào)傳播時(shí)延的算法，在幀同步一級(jí)中提出了基于能量的非相干接收算法。
[Abstract]:Ultra-Wide bandwidth (UWB) wireless communication is a kind of nanosecond narrow pulse communication technology without carrier modulation. Without carrier modulation and narrow pulse, UWB communication has the advantages of simple equipment, strong penetration, strong time resolution and strong anti-multipath ability. Therefore, the IEEE 802.15.4a standard is the first wireless physical layer standard proposed by IEEE. The complete channel model of UWB indoor positioning is given, and nine channel examples are given. The communication protocol given in the standard is also the standard to be followed for UWB location. However, there are many problems to be solved, all of which will affect the accuracy of UWB indoor positioning, such as the research of single base station positioning, the communication protocol suitable for single base station positioning, and the synchronization problem in positioning system. This paper mainly aims at the design of single base station positioning base station in single base station positioning system. A lot of research has been done on the synchronization between the base station and the positioning label and the extension or redesign of the location communication protocol suitable for the single base station according to the IEEE802.15.4a standard. On the basis of consulting a lot of domestic and foreign literature, the system model of UWB high precision positioning based on single base station is designed, and the structure of localization communication frame, especially the design of synchronous head and physical layer protocol header, is presented innovatively. The design structure of timestamp message and a bidirectional clock synchronization algorithm based on linear regression are presented. The theoretical derivation of signal propagation delay synchronization at frame and pulse level is given. The main contents of the thesis are as follows: Firstly, the basic definition, characteristics and corresponding advantages of UWB are introduced. This paper expounds the significance and research value of synchronization in UWB system and the current research situation at home and abroad. Then the principle of wireless location is discussed in detail from the angle of measuring time, angle and energy. There are mainly time-based toado TDOA and angle based AOAA, as well as energy-based RSSs. At last, the least square method and the weighted generalized least square method which are often used in the localization algorithm are given, and the detailed derivation is given. In order to carry out high precision simulation, a UWB single base station positioning system is designed. The system base station construction, positioning label design and channel are discussed in detail, which lays the foundation for positioning synchronization simulation. In the construction of the base station, the selection and modulation of the UWB signal and the reception of the signals needed to be considered by the location label and the base station are discussed in detail. On the basis of IEEE802.15.4a channel communication protocol, the structure of UWB positioning communication frame based on single base station is designed. The structure and function of synchronous head are expounded, and the function of physical layer protocol header is extended. Finally, a time stamp message structure is designed to transmit time information. The classical bidirectional ranging algorithm is introduced, and then an algorithm for clock synchronization is proposed to estimate the clock frequency offset and clock shift between the base station and the location label. On the basis of pulse synchronization, the algorithm of estimating signal propagation delay is discussed, and an energy-based incoherent reception algorithm is proposed at frame synchronization level.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)海洋大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TN925

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 張欣宇;脈沖超寬帶同步技術(shù)的研究[D];哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué);2008年

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本文編號(hào)：1780090