本文選題：無線傳感網(wǎng)　切入點：磁傳感器　出處：《上海交通大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：進入新千年來,隨著各學(xué)科技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)化為產(chǎn)業(yè)化應(yīng)用及傳統(tǒng)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)相關(guān)技術(shù)應(yīng)用的日趨完善和成熟,各項技術(shù)集大成者的無線傳感網(wǎng)(WSN)順利地走上了歷史舞臺,并成為國內(nèi)外各界追逐和研究的又一熱點。WSN(Wireless Sensor Networks)最早源于軍事領(lǐng)域的應(yīng)用,最為典型的是可以對地面移動和低空飛行等目標(biāo)進行探測和分類的無人地面?zhèn)鞲衅鱾刹炀W(wǎng)絡(luò)。所以,傳感節(jié)點對于目標(biāo)信號的分類、跟蹤、定位等處理能力一直是國際上廣泛研究的熱點課題之一。盡管如此,傳感網(wǎng)對于目標(biāo)的識別、分類和跟蹤等的處理仍然是一項十分復(fù)雜的工作,因為在很大程度上地面?zhèn)鞲芯W(wǎng)系統(tǒng)會受到外界環(huán)境的嚴(yán)重影響。地面?zhèn)鞲衅髂茉谄涓采w范圍之內(nèi)盡最大可能地采集和反饋目標(biāo)、環(huán)境等信息,并自主地完成相應(yīng)的算法處理,將有助提高目標(biāo)處理和識別的精準(zhǔn)度與及時度,對后面的勢態(tài)評估和任務(wù)決策有著重要的意義。與發(fā)達國家相比,我國的地面磁目標(biāo)識別裝備及系統(tǒng)相對比較落后,從九十年代初期開始,在自然基金的資助和申請研究課題的推動下,多項磁地面探測系統(tǒng)預(yù)研才能得到順利開展,并取得相應(yīng)的學(xué)術(shù)成果和技術(shù)的積累。這里明確了課題內(nèi)容在系統(tǒng)框架拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu)中的位置,制定本課題研究的傳感器的特性要求和實現(xiàn)的功能;深入調(diào)研了國內(nèi)外現(xiàn)有目標(biāo)識別磁信號傳感器;比較國內(nèi)現(xiàn)有各類應(yīng)用在目標(biāo)識別上的信號處理算法的優(yōu)缺點。針對地面運動物體產(chǎn)生的磁異信號的特征信號提取和判決算法以及傳感器設(shè)計進行了比較深入且系統(tǒng)的討論。首先從地面運動物體會產(chǎn)生磁信號的本質(zhì)入手,分析了地面各種類型目標(biāo)產(chǎn)生的磁信號特征和原理;并建立地面目標(biāo)沿傳感器運動的模型,研究特征提取方法。隨后主要在軟件和硬件方面,設(shè)計一個針對地面目標(biāo)磁信號識別的傳感器,基于該傳感器工作原理,設(shè)計一個用于目標(biāo)磁異信號特征的目標(biāo)檢測和目標(biāo)運動方向識別算法,并且通過實驗和外場測試驗證算法的可行性和系統(tǒng)的實際檢測效果。本課題解決的關(guān)鍵問題是如何使檢測算法對各類地面目標(biāo)有較高的檢測率和較低的誤報率;比較于現(xiàn)有的算法和現(xiàn)有的地面目標(biāo)傳感器,該智能地面目標(biāo)識別傳感器明顯地提升現(xiàn)有傳感器技術(shù)性能,使其具有識別率高、穩(wěn)定性高等優(yōu)點,能更好地適合戰(zhàn)場野外監(jiān)控等需要大面積傳感器應(yīng)用的場合。
[Abstract]:Since entering the new millennium, with the increasingly perfect and mature application of various disciplines and technologies into industrial applications and traditional Internet-related technologies, WSNs, the wireless sensor networks (WSNs), have successfully stepped onto the historical stage.WSNN Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNN Wireless Sensor Networks) originated from the application of military field, and the most typical is the unmanned ground sensor reconnaissance network, which can detect and classify targets such as ground moving and low altitude flight.Therefore, the processing ability of sensor nodes for target signal classification, tracking, positioning has been one of the hot topics in international research.However, the processing of target recognition, classification and tracking in sensor networks is still a very complex task, because to a large extent, the ground sensor network systems will be seriously affected by the external environment.The ground sensor can collect and feedback the target, environment and other information as far as possible within its coverage area, and independently complete the corresponding algorithm processing, which will help to improve the accuracy and timeliness of target processing and recognition.It is of great significance to the later situation assessment and task decision.Compared with the developed countries, the equipment and system of ground magnetic target recognition in China is relatively backward. Since the early 1990s, it has been promoted by the funding of the Natural Resources Fund and the application and research projects.A number of magnetic ground detection systems can be developed successfully, and the corresponding academic achievements and technical accumulations are obtained.This paper clarifies the position of the subject content in the topological structure of the system framework, formulates the characteristic requirements and the functions of the sensors studied in this paper, deeply investigates the existing target recognition magnetic signal sensors at home and abroad.Compare the advantages and disadvantages of various signal processing algorithms used in target recognition in China.In this paper, the characteristic signal extraction and decision algorithm of the magnetic signal generated by the ground moving object and the design of the sensor are discussed in depth and systematically.Starting with the nature of magnetic signals produced by moving objects on the ground, this paper analyzes the characteristics and principles of the magnetic signals generated by various types of targets on the ground, and establishes a model of the ground objects moving along the sensor, and studies the method of feature extraction.Then, in the aspect of software and hardware, a sensor is designed to recognize the magnetic signal of the ground target. Based on the principle of the sensor, an algorithm for target detection and target direction recognition is designed.The feasibility of the algorithm and the actual detection effect of the system are verified by experiments and field tests.The key problem of this paper is how to make the detection algorithm have higher detection rate and lower false alarm rate for all kinds of ground targets, compared with the existing algorithms and existing ground target sensors,The intelligent ground target recognition sensor can obviously improve the technical performance of the existing sensors and make it have the advantages of high recognition rate and high stability. It can be better suited to the field monitoring and control of battlefield and other situations where large area sensors are needed.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TP212.6;TN911.7

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本文編號：1703003