本文選題：跳頻通信　切入點(diǎn)：射頻前端　出處：《復(fù)旦大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著電子技術(shù)在現(xiàn)代戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的廣泛應(yīng)用,電子對(duì)抗技術(shù)成為戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)勝利的最重要作戰(zhàn)手段,而通信對(duì)抗是指揮、控制、通信和情報(bào)對(duì)抗系統(tǒng)中的核心部分。特別是美軍在幾次局部戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中的使用案例,已經(jīng)引起各國(guó)政府和軍方的高度重視,不惜投入大量的人力、物力,研究電子對(duì)抗技術(shù),特別是跳頻通信技術(shù)。跳頻通信技術(shù)由于其優(yōu)越的抗干擾、抗衰落、抗截獲的能力,在軍事通信領(lǐng)域被廣泛應(yīng)用。作為跳頻通信的發(fā)射末級(jí),無(wú)線電發(fā)射機(jī)在設(shè)計(jì)和實(shí)現(xiàn)上越來(lái)越趨向于高性能、高集成度方向。對(duì)于發(fā)射機(jī)的帶寬,功率,線性度,效率,平坦度、抗干擾能力等方面的性能和指標(biāo)也提出了越來(lái)越高的要求。這些需求也促進(jìn)了VHF跳頻電臺(tái)發(fā)射機(jī)的不斷進(jìn)步,使得發(fā)射信號(hào)質(zhì)量更好,發(fā)射距離的更遠(yuǎn),抗干擾能力更強(qiáng)。課題來(lái)自于中國(guó)電子科技集團(tuán)公司第五十研究所某新型VHF超短波跳頻電臺(tái)項(xiàng)目,是其中發(fā)射機(jī)射頻前端的研制。該發(fā)射機(jī)射頻前端要求射頻功放具有寬頻帶,大功率,高線性度,高效率,平坦度好等特點(diǎn),采用兩級(jí)放大來(lái)達(dá)到增益的要求。推動(dòng)級(jí)放大器選用了NXP公司的功放芯片BLF404來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)；末級(jí)選擇了NXP公司的功放芯片BLF245B,除了考慮線性度,兼顧提高工作效率,所以選擇AB類,采用推挽式結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行寬帶設(shè)計(jì),合理的兼顧了線性度和效率這兩個(gè)指標(biāo)。在此基礎(chǔ)上,對(duì)功放管BLF245B進(jìn)行降壓使用,在保證線性指標(biāo)的前提下,大大提高了工作效率。在推動(dòng)級(jí)之前和末級(jí)功放之后,采用了跳頻速度快,抑制度好的跳頻濾波器,該濾波器采用雙調(diào)諧LC振蕩回路,多組PIN二極管開(kāi)關(guān)與電容陣列單元并聯(lián)來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)高精度可變電容的功能,使之諧振于不同的頻率上,實(shí)現(xiàn)分段濾波的功能。本設(shè)計(jì)在原理圖和PCB設(shè)計(jì)之前,利用ADS仿真軟件,對(duì)功放和濾波器進(jìn)行仿真優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì),理論上驗(yàn)證了設(shè)計(jì)方案的合理性。最終通過(guò)反復(fù)的調(diào)試,達(dá)到了最佳的性能。本文首先介紹了跳頻通信技術(shù)的原理,講述了跳頻通信系統(tǒng)的特點(diǎn)；其次對(duì)功率放大器的幾種結(jié)構(gòu)形式進(jìn)行了對(duì)比分析,提出了課題的設(shè)計(jì)方案、關(guān)鍵技術(shù)指標(biāo)以及技術(shù)難點(diǎn)。然后分析了發(fā)射機(jī)的關(guān)鍵指標(biāo),提出并論證了實(shí)現(xiàn)各指標(biāo)的設(shè)計(jì)方案。詳述了本課題具體電路的設(shè)計(jì)與實(shí)現(xiàn),包括功放單元和跳頻濾波器單元兩個(gè)主要模塊的設(shè)計(jì),最后進(jìn)行電路調(diào)試,給出系統(tǒng)的測(cè)試結(jié)果。
[Abstract]:With the wide application of electronic technology in modern warfare, electronic countermeasure technology has become the most important means of war victory, and communication countermeasure is command and control. The core parts of the communications and intelligence countermeasures system, especially the cases of US military use in several local wars, have attracted great attention from governments and the military of various countries, and have spared no effort and resources to study electronic countermeasures technology. Especially frequency hopping communication technology. Frequency hopping communication technology is widely used in the field of military communication because of its superior ability of anti-jamming, anti-fading and anti-interception. The design and implementation of radio transmitters tend to be more and more high performance, high integration direction. For the transmitter bandwidth, power, linearity, efficiency, flatness, The performance and index of anti-jamming ability also put forward higher and higher requirements. These requirements also promote the continuous progress of VHF frequency hopping radio transmitter and make the quality of transmitting signal better and the distance of transmission more distant. The subject comes from the project of a new VHF ultra-short wave frequency hopping radio station in the 50th Research Institute of China Electronic Science and Technology Corporation, which is the development of the RF front-end of the transmitter. The RF front-end of the transmitter requires a wide band of RF power amplifier. High power, high linearity, high efficiency, good flatness and so on, the two-stage amplifier is adopted to achieve the gain requirement. The NXP power amplifier chip BLF404 is used to realize the push stage amplifier. In the final stage, NXP power amplifier chip BLF245B is selected. Besides considering linearity and improving working efficiency, AB class is chosen for broadband design with push-pull structure. The linearity and efficiency are reasonably taken into account. The power amplifier tube BLF245B is used to reduce the voltage, and the working efficiency is greatly improved under the premise of guaranteeing the linear index. Before the push stage and after the last stage power amplifier, the frequency hopping filter with high frequency hopping speed and good suppression degree is adopted. The filter uses double tuning LC oscillatory loop, multiple PIN diode switches and capacitor array units are connected in parallel to realize the function of high precision variable capacitance, which resonates at different frequencies. Before the schematic diagram and PCB design, the power amplifier and filter are simulated and optimized by using ADS simulation software. The rationality of the design scheme is verified theoretically. This paper first introduces the principle of frequency hopping communication technology, describes the characteristics of frequency hopping communication system, then compares and analyzes several structure forms of power amplifier, and puts forward the design scheme of the subject. The key technical specifications and technical difficulties are analyzed, and then the key indicators of the transmitter are analyzed, and the design scheme to realize each index is proposed and demonstrated. The design and implementation of the specific circuit of this subject are described in detail. It includes two main modules: power amplifier unit and frequency hopping filter unit. Finally, the circuit is debugged and the test results are given.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：復(fù)旦大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TN914.41

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