本文選題：基于　切入點：金屬　出處：《南京大學》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：傳統(tǒng)天線是連接無線電系統(tǒng)和外部世界的樞紐,其工作頻段覆蓋整個無線電波,被廣泛應用于通訊、探測等眾多領域,成為人們生活重要的組成部分。近年來微加工技術飛速發(fā)展,人們期望研制能夠工作在光頻波段的天線系統(tǒng),并且期望利用光頻天線在亞波長尺度下對光場進行操控。最新的研究結果表明,光頻天線在光電轉換、光學傳感探測、熒光增強、生物檢測等領域有著誘人的應用前景。本論文從理論和實驗兩方面研究基于金屬和介質納米顆粒的光頻天線,我們首先探討了金屬納米天線系統(tǒng)中局域等離激元的激發(fā)和再輻射效應,給出了納米結構的形狀因子對天線輻射效率的影響；為了避免金屬在光頻波段的本征損耗,我們進而研究介質納米顆粒系統(tǒng)的光學性質,揭示其獨特的輻射機制,構造出較高效率的寬帶光頻天線。具體包括以下兩部分內容：第一,我們研究了基于金屬納米顆粒的等離激元光頻天線的輻射機制。在理論上,我們利用時域有限元差分方法證實：當光波照射到金屬納米顆粒時,金屬顆粒的表面激發(fā)出局域型表面等離激元,這些局域表面等離激元誘導電偶極子進而發(fā)生偶極輻射。在此基礎上,我們系統(tǒng)考察了納米結構中局域等離激元的共振效應與納米結構單元的大小和形狀的關系,計算出幾種納米結構的散射截面和輻射效率；實驗上我們利用電子束曝光的方法制備了幾種等離激元光頻天線樣品,并利用微區(qū)光譜儀和分光光度計測量樣品透射譜與散射譜,實驗觀測與數(shù)值模擬結果基本吻合,證實了該系統(tǒng)中局域表面等離激元的激發(fā)和再輻射效應。此外,我們還討論了進一步優(yōu)化等離激元光頻天線的設計和實驗表征。第二,我們研究了基于介質納米顆粒的光頻天線及其輻射機制。利用時域有限元差分方法,我們證實了耦合硅納米圓柱系統(tǒng)中寬帶散射效應。首先,在單個硅納米圓柱中,我們觀察到明顯的電共振和磁共振。通過將兩個硅納米圓柱相互靠近,我們構建了硅納米圓柱二聚體,從而單個硅納米圓柱的磁共振和電共振相互靠近,形成混合的共振模式；同時一個新的磁共振模式出現(xiàn)在長波長位置,表現(xiàn)出寬帶散射效應,該效應來源于硅納米圓柱間的磁相互作用。進一步地,在硅的三聚體中,寬帶響應可以進一步增強。寬帶散射通過散射譜得到證實,而磁相互作用通過空間場分布以及反推介電常數(shù)和磁導率得到證實。該理論研究為實現(xiàn)硅基寬帶納米天線和探測器提供了新的思路。綜上所述,我們從理論和實驗兩方面研究了基于金屬和介質納米顆粒的光頻天線,一方面揭示了金屬納米天線系統(tǒng)中局域等離激元的激發(fā)和再輻射效應,并且利用納米結構的形狀因子來提高等離激元天線輻射效率；另一方面揭示了介質納米顆粒系統(tǒng)的光散射特征和其獨特的輻射機制,構造出低損耗的寬帶光頻天線。研究工作為設計和制備亞波長光頻天線提供了新思路,在光集成、光傳感和探測以及高效率太陽能電池等方面具有潛在的應用前景。
[Abstract]:The traditional antenna is connected to a radio system and the outside world hub, its work band covering the entire radio waves, is widely used in many fields such as communication, detection, become an important part of people's life. In recent years, the rapid development of micro machining technology, antenna system is expected to develop a work in optical frequency band, and is expected to operate the light field in the subwavelength scale with optical antennas. The latest research results show that the optical frequency antenna in photoelectric conversion, optical sensing detection, fluorescence enhancement, field biological detection has an attractive application prospect. This paper from two aspects of theory and experiment of optical frequency antenna of dielectric and metal nanoparticles based on, we firstly investigated the localization of metal nano antenna system from the excited element and re radiation effects, given the influence of shape factor of nano structure on the antenna radiation efficiency ; in order to avoid the intrinsic loss of metal in optical frequency band, we further study the optical properties of dielectric nano particle system, reveals its unique radiation mechanism, construct the broadband optical frequency antenna with high efficiency. The specific contents include the following two parts: first, we study on the basis of metal nanoparticle plasmon light frequency antenna radiation mechanism. In theory, we use the finite difference time domain method confirmed: when the light irradiation to metal nanoparticles, surface metal particles excited out of domain type surface plasmon, the localized surface plasmon induced electric dipole and dipole radiation. Based on this, our system study the relationship between the local nano structure from the resonance effect and nano structure unit of polaritons in the size and shape of the cross section is calculated, and the radiation efficiency of several nanostructures; experiment on me Using the method of electron beam lithography prepared several plasmon optical frequency antenna samples, and the use of micro spectrometer and spectrophotometer to measure the transmission spectrum and scattering spectra of samples, experimental observation and numerical simulation results, proved that the system of localized surface plasmon and re radiation effects. In addition, we also discuss the design and experimental characterization to further optimize the plasmon optical frequency antenna. Second, we study the optical frequency and antenna radiation mechanism of dielectric nanoparticles based on using finite difference time domain method, we confirmed the wideband scattering coupling effect of silicon nano cylindrical system. First of all, in a single silicon nano cylinder, we observed the electric resonance and magnetic resonance obviously. By two silicon nano cylinder close to each other, we constructed two poly silicon nano cylindrical body, so a single silicon nano cylindrical magnetic resonance and Electric resonance close to each other, forming a resonance hybrid model; at the same time a new magnetic resonance mode in long wavelength position, exhibit broadband scattering effect, the effect comes from the silicon nano cylinder magnetic interaction. Further, the silicon trimer in response to further enhance broadband broadband scattering through. The scattering spectrum was confirmed, and the magnetic interactions through space distribution and promotion of anti permittivity and permeability are confirmed. The research provides a new method to realize broadband antenna and nano silicon detectors. In summary, we from two aspects of theoretical and experimental research of the optical frequency antenna of dielectric and metal nanoparticles based on a reveals the local metal nano antenna system from the excited element and re radiation effects, and the shape factor of nano structure to improve the radiation efficiency of plasmon polaritons antenna; On the other hand reveals the characteristics of light scattering medium nanoparticle systems and their unique radiation mechanism, construct the broadband optical frequency antenna and low loss. The research work provides a new way of sub wavelength optical frequency antenna is provided for the design and manufacture, in optical integration, has a potential application prospect of optical sensors and detection and high efficiency solar cell and so on.

【學位授予單位】：南京大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TN826;TB383.1

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本文編號：1652122