本文選題：MIMO　切入點(diǎn)：基站天線　出處：《西安電子科技大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：平板電腦、智能手機(jī)、掌上游戲機(jī)等移動(dòng)設(shè)備的蓬勃發(fā)展以及當(dāng)前移動(dòng)通信用戶的數(shù)量劇增,為無線通信的質(zhì)量和數(shù)據(jù)傳輸?shù)乃俣忍岢隽司薮蟮奶魬?zhàn)�；咎炀�在通信系統(tǒng)中扮演著至關(guān)重要的角色,高性能的基站天線可以提供更優(yōu)的通信質(zhì)量與更快的通信速率。MIMO(multiple input multiple output多輸入多輸出)技術(shù)在提高通信速度和信道容量方面有著獨(dú)特的優(yōu)勢(shì),其與基站天線的結(jié)合為當(dāng)前不斷增加的高速通信需求提供了可行方案。因此,設(shè)計(jì)應(yīng)用于MIMO基站通信的高性能天線單元與陣列變得非常有必要。本文首先介紹了基站天線的基本概念與實(shí)際應(yīng)用中的相關(guān)要求,在此基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)一步闡述了MIMO技術(shù)與基站天線結(jié)合的可行性。本文在磁電偶極子天線的基礎(chǔ)上設(shè)計(jì)出了滿足項(xiàng)目要求的高增益寬帶12單元MIMO基站天線陣列,完成了天線實(shí)物的加工與測試,達(dá)到了項(xiàng)目關(guān)于帶寬、增益、陣元數(shù)目、最大功率容量的要求。本文對(duì)磁電偶極子天線進(jìn)行了較為深入的分析,從工作原理、電流分布等方面入手,并在此基礎(chǔ)上,設(shè)計(jì)出了具有陷波特性的MIMO基站天線陣列,實(shí)現(xiàn)了大范圍陷波頻帶可調(diào)的高性能MIMO天線系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì),加工的天線實(shí)物測量結(jié)果與仿真結(jié)果吻合良好,實(shí)現(xiàn)了很好的工作特性。其次,本文還利用雙U型槽結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)出了工作于WLAN與WIMAX的雙帶基站天線單元。除了在所需工作頻段內(nèi)具有很好的定向與高增益特性,通過調(diào)節(jié)不同U型結(jié)構(gòu)的尺寸,還可以實(shí)現(xiàn)不同頻段的應(yīng)用需求。其頻帶單獨(dú)可調(diào)性也為其應(yīng)用于MIMO基站系統(tǒng)提供了很大的設(shè)計(jì)靈活性,其高增益與定向特性為其應(yīng)用于遠(yuǎn)距離基站通信提供了一種選擇。不得不提的是,該天線在高頻處的方向圖不穩(wěn)定,這可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致一些對(duì)通信質(zhì)量要求高的區(qū)域出現(xiàn)盲區(qū)進(jìn)而限制其應(yīng)用。分析其原因可知由于大小U型槽單獨(dú)控制對(duì)應(yīng)的工作頻段,而在高頻工作時(shí),小U型槽的遮擋效應(yīng)導(dǎo)致了高頻方向圖不穩(wěn)定的出現(xiàn)。最后,針對(duì)上述提到的高頻處方向圖凹陷問題,本文采用Sierpinski分形結(jié)構(gòu)代替U型水平貼片,利用分形結(jié)構(gòu)的多頻特性與自相似性設(shè)計(jì)出了可工作于WLAN 2.4GHz和5.2GHz的雙頻天線。并在此基礎(chǔ)上設(shè)計(jì)出了一款雙帶雙極化天線,測量結(jié)果基本與仿真結(jié)果相吻合,該天線利用雙極化特性在有限的空間內(nèi)可實(shí)現(xiàn)更大的通信容量,滿足當(dāng)前MIMO基站天線的大容量、高質(zhì)量通信要求。
[Abstract]:Mobile devices, such as tablets, smartphones, handheld consoles, are booming and the number of mobile users is growing dramatically. It poses a great challenge to the quality of wireless communication and the speed of data transmission. The base station antenna plays an important role in the communication system. The high performance base station antenna can provide better communication quality and faster communication rate. Mimo multiple input multiple output multiple input multiple output (MIMO) technology has unique advantages in improving communication speed and channel capacity. The combination of the base station antenna and the base station antenna provides a feasible solution for the increasing demand for high-speed communication. It is necessary to design high performance antenna units and arrays for MIMO base station communication. Firstly, this paper introduces the basic concept of base station antenna and the related requirements in practical application. On this basis, the feasibility of combining MIMO technology with base station antenna is further expounded. Based on the magnetoelectric dipole antenna, a high gain broadband 12 unit MIMO base station antenna array is designed to meet the requirements of the project. The processing and testing of the antenna are completed, and the requirements of the project on bandwidth, gain, number of array elements and maximum power capacity are achieved. In this paper, the magnetoelectric dipole antenna is analyzed in depth, and the working principle is discussed. Based on the current distribution, a MIMO base station antenna array with notch characteristics is designed, and the high performance MIMO antenna system with adjustable notch frequency band is designed. The measured results of the processed antenna are in good agreement with the simulation results, and good working characteristics are achieved. Secondly, The dual band base station antenna unit working in WLAN and WIMAX is also designed by using the double U groove structure. In addition to having good directional and high gain characteristics in the required operating frequency band, the size of different U-shaped structures is adjusted. It can also meet the application requirements of different frequency bands, and its frequency band can be adjusted separately, which also provides great design flexibility for its application in MIMO base station system. Its high gain and directional characteristics provide a choice for its application in remote base station communication. It must be noted that the pattern of the antenna is unstable at high frequency. This may lead to blind areas in some areas that require high communication quality, and thus limit their application. Analysis of the reasons shows that because the size of the U groove controls the corresponding operating frequency band separately, while working at high frequency, The blocking effect of the small U groove leads to the instability of the high frequency pattern. Finally, in order to solve the problem mentioned above, the Sierpinski fractal structure is used to replace the U type horizontal patch. Based on the multi-frequency characteristic and self-similarity of fractal structure, a dual-frequency antenna which can work at WLAN 2.4GHz and 5.2GHz is designed. On this basis, a dual-band dual-polarization antenna is designed. The measured results are in good agreement with the simulation results. The antenna can achieve a larger communication capacity in a limited space by using the dual polarization characteristic, which can meet the requirements of large capacity and high quality communication of the current MIMO base station antenna.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西安電子科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TN820;TN919.3

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條

1 曹霞;;MIMO無線通信技術(shù)研究[J];科技信息(科學(xué)教研);2008年23期

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本文編號(hào)：1620993