發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-03-12 19:09

  本文選題：移動(dòng)自組織網(wǎng)絡(luò)　切入點(diǎn)：后備路由　出處：《西北工業(yè)大學(xué)》2014年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：隨著便攜式移動(dòng)計(jì)算設(shè)備的小型化和實(shí)用化，移動(dòng)無(wú)線網(wǎng)絡(luò)在人類社會(huì)生活中的地位越來(lái)越重要，有著廣泛的應(yīng)用需求。移動(dòng)自組織網(wǎng)絡(luò)是移動(dòng)無(wú)線網(wǎng)絡(luò)的一個(gè)重要發(fā)展方向，路由協(xié)議是移動(dòng)自組織網(wǎng)絡(luò)研究的核心問(wèn)題之一。移動(dòng)自組織網(wǎng)絡(luò)拓?fù)渥兓�，網(wǎng)絡(luò)資源有限，要求路由協(xié)議具有較小的路由控制開(kāi)銷和較好的自適應(yīng)性。按需路由協(xié)議僅在需要時(shí)才尋找路由，適用于移動(dòng)自組織網(wǎng)絡(luò)。 本文以國(guó)家高技術(shù)研究發(fā)展計(jì)劃(863計(jì)劃)等項(xiàng)目等為研究背景，針對(duì)車(chē)載自組織網(wǎng)絡(luò)(VANET)、無(wú)線網(wǎng)狀網(wǎng)(WMN)等移動(dòng)自組織網(wǎng)絡(luò)的特點(diǎn)，研究按需單播路由協(xié)議。從提高路由協(xié)議性能，對(duì)路由協(xié)議的網(wǎng)絡(luò)流量復(fù)雜度分析和提高路由協(xié)議的安全性三個(gè)方面進(jìn)行研究，具有一定的理論價(jià)值和重要的工程應(yīng)用價(jià)值。主要研究工作和創(chuàng)新點(diǎn)如下： 1)因鏈路錯(cuò)誤導(dǎo)致的頻繁重啟路由發(fā)現(xiàn)過(guò)程會(huì)增大網(wǎng)絡(luò)控制開(kāi)銷，并導(dǎo)致路由協(xié)議性能降低。傳統(tǒng)的后備路由協(xié)議僅在鏈路出錯(cuò)時(shí)才使用后備路由來(lái)進(jìn)行局部修復(fù)，無(wú)法適應(yīng)快速的網(wǎng)絡(luò)拓?fù)渥兓�。本文提出的后備路由協(xié)議及時(shí)對(duì)路由進(jìn)行微調(diào)，減少了整條路由斷開(kāi)的概率，降低了網(wǎng)絡(luò)控制開(kāi)銷，提高了路由協(xié)議的自適應(yīng)性。同時(shí)在小范圍內(nèi)進(jìn)行局部路由修復(fù)，提高了局部修復(fù)的成功率和效率。 本文提出的后備路由協(xié)議在經(jīng)典后備路由協(xié)議AODV-ABL的基礎(chǔ)上改進(jìn)而來(lái)。通過(guò)合并主路由和后備路由，并在監(jiān)聽(tīng)數(shù)據(jù)分組時(shí)同步更新路由，路由能盡快地得到優(yōu)化。本文提出的路由協(xié)議有兩種實(shí)現(xiàn)方案：AODV-FABL和AODV-BFABL。AODV-FABL通過(guò)監(jiān)聽(tīng)數(shù)據(jù)分組實(shí)時(shí)維護(hù)正向路由信息。AODV-BFABL則針對(duì)雙向不對(duì)稱流量的應(yīng)用場(chǎng)景，同時(shí)維護(hù)正反兩個(gè)方向上的路由信息。仿真實(shí)驗(yàn)表明，提出的兩種后備路由協(xié)議提高了響應(yīng)速度，減低了網(wǎng)絡(luò)控制開(kāi)銷，對(duì)節(jié)點(diǎn)運(yùn)動(dòng)速度和網(wǎng)絡(luò)負(fù)載的自適應(yīng)性也較強(qiáng)。提出的后備路由協(xié)議平均時(shí)延僅為AODV的70%以下，表現(xiàn)出良好的時(shí)延性能。 2)不穩(wěn)定的路由會(huì)帶來(lái)頻繁的路由發(fā)現(xiàn)過(guò)程，增大網(wǎng)絡(luò)控制開(kāi)銷，降低路由協(xié)議性能。車(chē)載自組網(wǎng)(VANET)是移動(dòng)自組織網(wǎng)絡(luò)的一種實(shí)用形式，其運(yùn)動(dòng)信息可作為路由判據(jù)來(lái)提高路由的穩(wěn)定性。針對(duì)車(chē)載自組織網(wǎng)，兼顧考慮路由的穩(wěn)定性和時(shí)延，提出了一種由鏈路有效時(shí)間、隊(duì)列飽和度和跳數(shù)組成的綜合路由判據(jù)。使用此綜合路由判據(jù)，對(duì)經(jīng)典按需路由協(xié)議AODV進(jìn)行改進(jìn)，實(shí)現(xiàn)了一種基于鏈路穩(wěn)定性加權(quán)的路由協(xié)議AODV-CM。該協(xié)議通過(guò)尋找穩(wěn)定的路由，減少了路由斷開(kāi)的概率，均衡了網(wǎng)絡(luò)負(fù)載，從而提高了路由協(xié)議性能。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明，AODV-CM的路由發(fā)現(xiàn)頻率僅為AODV的70%左右，穩(wěn)定性高于AODV。 3)分析路由協(xié)議導(dǎo)致的網(wǎng)絡(luò)流量復(fù)雜度，可為路由協(xié)議設(shè)計(jì)提供重要依據(jù)。移動(dòng)自組織網(wǎng)絡(luò)的網(wǎng)絡(luò)流量在不同的時(shí)間尺度下表現(xiàn)出不同的復(fù)雜度。網(wǎng)絡(luò)流量復(fù)雜度成因復(fù)雜，難于精確描述。路由協(xié)議與網(wǎng)絡(luò)流量復(fù)雜度之間關(guān)系的研究仍處于起步階段。本文引入基于多尺度熵的復(fù)雜度分析方法對(duì)路由協(xié)議和網(wǎng)絡(luò)流量復(fù)雜度之間的關(guān)系進(jìn)行研究和分析。 以經(jīng)典路由協(xié)議AODV和本文提出的AODV-FABL和AODV-CM路由協(xié)議引起的網(wǎng)絡(luò)流量為研究對(duì)象，定量的分析了其在不同時(shí)間尺度下的復(fù)雜性。分析結(jié)果驗(yàn)證了這些路由協(xié)議在小時(shí)間尺度下網(wǎng)絡(luò)流量復(fù)雜度高且波動(dòng)較大，在大時(shí)間尺度下網(wǎng)絡(luò)流量復(fù)雜度低且具有長(zhǎng)程相關(guān)性。指出并分析了這些路由協(xié)議網(wǎng)絡(luò)流量復(fù)雜度與網(wǎng)絡(luò)拓?fù)渥兓俣戎g的關(guān)系。 4)路由協(xié)議安全性是路由協(xié)議研究的一個(gè)重要問(wèn)題�；叶垂羰且环N常見(jiàn)的內(nèi)部路由攻擊方式，具有隱蔽性和破壞性。傳統(tǒng)的移動(dòng)自組織網(wǎng)絡(luò)灰洞檢測(cè)方法利用鄰居監(jiān)聽(tīng)技術(shù)來(lái)判斷灰洞節(jié)點(diǎn)，未考慮到無(wú)線網(wǎng)狀網(wǎng)(WMN)的結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)，，缺乏全局判斷。此外，當(dāng)多個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn)發(fā)現(xiàn)某個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn)是灰洞節(jié)點(diǎn)時(shí)，將向全網(wǎng)廣播此信息，導(dǎo)致廣播風(fēng)暴。 無(wú)線網(wǎng)狀網(wǎng)是移動(dòng)自組織網(wǎng)絡(luò)的一種擴(kuò)展形式，網(wǎng)關(guān)節(jié)點(diǎn)連接其中的有線網(wǎng)絡(luò)和無(wú)線網(wǎng)絡(luò)。本文針對(duì)無(wú)線網(wǎng)狀網(wǎng)分布式控制和中心控制混合結(jié)構(gòu)的特點(diǎn)，提出了一種基于網(wǎng)關(guān)的灰洞檢測(cè)路由協(xié)議GBGHD。GBGHD中，網(wǎng)關(guān)節(jié)點(diǎn)分析和綜合處理無(wú)線節(jié)點(diǎn)收集到的監(jiān)測(cè)信息來(lái)判斷出灰洞節(jié)點(diǎn)，并通過(guò)捎帶技術(shù)來(lái)降低路由開(kāi)銷，避免網(wǎng)絡(luò)風(fēng)暴。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明，本文提出的灰洞檢測(cè)算法迅速有效，排除了灰洞節(jié)點(diǎn)，改善了網(wǎng)絡(luò)性能。當(dāng)預(yù)設(shè)灰洞節(jié)點(diǎn)丟包率不小于0.3時(shí)，在10秒內(nèi)就可檢測(cè)出灰洞節(jié)點(diǎn)。
[Abstract]:With the miniaturization of portable mobile computing devices and the utility of mobile wireless network is becoming more and more important in the life of human society, has a wide range of applications. Mobile ad hoc network is an important development direction of mobile wireless network, routing protocol is one of the key issues in the study of self organization network of mobile mobile ad hoc. Rapid change of network topology, cyber source, routing control overhead and better adaptive routing protocols have smaller. On-demand routing protocol can find only when you need for mobile ad hoc networks.
Based on the national high technology research and development program (863 Program) and other projects such as the research background, for vehicular ad hoc network (VANET), wireless mesh network (WMN) characteristics of mobile ad hoc networks, research on-demand unicast routing protocol. In order to improve the performance of routing protocol, the road network traffic by the protocol complexity analysis to study and improve the three aspects of routing protocol security, has a certain theoretical value and important value of engineering application. The main research work and innovations are as follows:
1) due to frequent link error restart the route discovery process will increase the cost of network control, and reduce the performance of routing protocol. The traditional routing protocols only in the backup link error when using backup route for local repair, can not adapt to the rapid changes in the network topology. The proposed routing protocol to reserve the fine-tuning of the route. To reduce the probability of the whole route is disconnected, reduce the overhead of the network, improve the adaptive routing protocol. At the same time the local route repair in a small area, improve the repair efficiency and success rate.
Reserve the proposed routing protocol and improved based on classic backup routing protocol AODV-ABL. By combining the main path and the backup path, and synchronous update in monitoring data packet routing, routing can quickly be optimized. The proposed routing protocol has two schemes: AODV-FABL and AODV-BFABL.AODV-FABL by monitoring data packets in real time maintenance the forward routing information.AODV-BFABL application scenarios for two-way asymmetric traffic, while maintaining the routing information of two positive and negative directions. Simulation results show that the two kinds of backup routing protocol proposed on improved response speed, reduce the overhead of the network, the adaptive node moving speed and network load backup routing protocol which is also strong. The average delay is only less than 70% of AODV, showing good delay performance.
2) unstable routing will bring frequent route discovery process, network control and increase the cost, reduce the performance of routing protocol. Vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) is a kind of practical form of mobile ad hoc networks, the routing information can be used as criterion to improve the stability of the route. For VANET routing, taking into account the stability and delay, this paper presents a link time, integrated routing queue saturation and hop composition. Using this integrated routing criterion, the classic on-demand routing protocol AODV is improved to achieve a weighted link stability routing protocol this protocol based on AODV-CM. by looking for stable routing, reduces the probability disconnect the routing, balance the network load, so as to improve the performance of routing protocol. The experimental results show that the AODV-CM route discovery frequency is only about 70% of AODV, the stability is higher than that of AODV.
3) analysis of network traffic routing protocol leads to complexity, and can provide an important basis for the design of routing protocols in mobile ad hoc networks. The network traffic at different time scales show different complexity. The complexity of network traffic causes are complex, it is difficult to accurately describe. Research of routing protocol and the complexity of the relationship between network traffic is still in the initial stage. This paper introduces complex analysis method of multiscale entropy based on the routing protocols of network traffic and the relationship between the complexity of the research and analysis.
Network traffic is proposed to classic AODV routing protocol and the AODV-FABL and AODV-CM routing protocol is caused as the research object, quantitative analysis in different time scales. The complexity analysis results verify these routing protocols in small time scale network traffic with high complexity and large fluctuation, in large time scale network traffic low degree and has long range correlation. These protocols are pointed out and analyzed the complex relationship between network traffic and network topology change speed.
4) security routing protocol is an important problem in research of the routing protocol. The gray hole attack is a common internal routing attacks, with concealment and destruction. The traditional mobile ad hoc network gray hole detection method using neighbor monitoring technology to determine the gray hole nodes, without considering the wireless mesh network (WMN) the structure characteristics, the lack of global judgment. In addition, when the number of nodes that a node is a gray hole node, the whole network to broadcast this information, cause the broadcast storm.
Wireless mesh network is an extended form of mobile ad hoc network, cable network gateway nodes which connect and wireless network. According to the characteristics of wireless mesh network, distributed control and control center of the hybrid structure, we propose a GBGHD.GBGHD based routing protocol gateway gray hole detection, monitoring information analysis and comprehensive treatment of the wireless gateway node the node collected to determine the gray hole node, and through the piggyback technique to reduce the routing overhead, and avoid the network storm. The experimental results show that the gray hole detection algorithm is proposed in this paper effectively ruled out the gray hole node, improve the network performance. When the preset gray hole node packet loss rate is not less than 0.3, in 10 seconds you can detect gray hole nodes.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：西北工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TN92

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