本文選題：大型平面陣列　切入點(diǎn)：方向圖綜合　出處：《西安電子科技大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：由于科學(xué)技術(shù)的快速發(fā)展,無線傳輸作為衛(wèi)星通信、地面微波接力和各種軍民雷達(dá)信息的傳遞方式,扮演了愈來愈重要的角色。天線是輻射和接收電磁波的一種技術(shù)裝置,其特性可以直接影響到無線系統(tǒng)的工作性能。因此,在無線系統(tǒng)中設(shè)計(jì)出滿足系統(tǒng)要求的天線設(shè)備具有舉足輕重的作用。隨著無線通信技術(shù)的迅猛發(fā)展和廣泛應(yīng)用,對(duì)天線性能提出了更高的要求。高性能的天線不僅可以放寬對(duì)系統(tǒng)的要求,并且能夠改善整個(gè)系統(tǒng)的性能。不僅要求天線具備高增益、寬頻帶范圍內(nèi)的全向、扇形以及賦形波束等技術(shù)特點(diǎn),而且要求天線具備電尺寸小、重量輕、造價(jià)低、結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單等物理優(yōu)點(diǎn)。然而,單一天線單元通常無法完全滿足這些苛刻的要求,最簡(jiǎn)單且行之有效的方法就是對(duì)天線單元進(jìn)行排列組合構(gòu)成陣列。因此,尋求高效、簡(jiǎn)單且穩(wěn)定的方向圖綜合算法一直是天線領(lǐng)域的焦點(diǎn)。大型平面陣列由于具有較寬的方位和俯仰掃描能力、較高的增益以及易于實(shí)現(xiàn)的三維波束賦形,從而得到了廣泛應(yīng)用。本文正是結(jié)合相關(guān)研究項(xiàng)目,對(duì)大型平面陣列方向圖的綜合展開了相關(guān)研究工作,可以分為以下三個(gè)部分:第一,研究了大型周期平面陣列的快速方向圖綜合方法。首先建立陣列激勵(lì)與陣列陣因子的傅里葉變換關(guān)系;其次應(yīng)用基于快速傅里葉變換的交替投影算法對(duì)陣列進(jìn)行方向圖綜合。針對(duì)傳統(tǒng)交替投影算法收斂速度慢的缺點(diǎn),本文提出兩種改進(jìn)交替投影算子,分別對(duì)具有周期性排布特點(diǎn)的矩形柵格陣列和任意三角柵格陣列進(jìn)行快速方向圖綜合。具體的仿真計(jì)算,驗(yàn)證了改進(jìn)投影算子收斂速度快,計(jì)算時(shí)間短的優(yōu)勢(shì)。第二,研究了大型非周期平面陣列的快速方向圖綜合方法。針對(duì)非周期陣列激勵(lì)與陣列陣因子之間的非周期傅里葉變換關(guān)系,提出一種快速綜合非周期陣列方向圖的方法。其基本思想是,首先在非周期陣列中內(nèi)插虛擬單元構(gòu)成虛擬周期陣列,然后利用基于快速傅里葉變換的交替投影算法對(duì)虛擬周期陣列進(jìn)行方向圖綜合,最后通過周期陣列與非周期陣列的矩陣變換關(guān)系,得到相應(yīng)的非周期陣列陣元激勵(lì)。通過仿真計(jì)算,虛擬周期陣列的方向圖與實(shí)際非周期陣列的方向圖幾乎完全吻合,驗(yàn)證了內(nèi)插思想的可行性與正確性。第三,對(duì)時(shí)間調(diào)制陣列進(jìn)行了理論研究與陣列方向圖綜合應(yīng)用。通過在陣列設(shè)計(jì)中增加時(shí)間維,減小了陣列激勵(lì)幅度的動(dòng)態(tài)范圍,從而降低了饋電網(wǎng)絡(luò)的設(shè)計(jì)復(fù)雜度。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of science and technology, wireless transmission plays a more and more important role as satellite communication, ground microwave relay and various military and civilian radar information transmission methods. Antenna is a technical device for radiating and receiving electromagnetic wave. Its characteristics can directly affect the performance of wireless system. Therefore, it is very important to design antenna equipment to meet the requirements of wireless system. With the rapid development and wide application of wireless communication technology, The high performance antenna can not only relax the requirements of the system, but also improve the performance of the whole system. The technical characteristics of sector and shaped beam require the antenna to have the physical advantages of small electric size, light weight, low cost, simple structure, etc. However, the single antenna unit is usually unable to fully meet these harsh requirements. The simplest and most effective method is to arrange and combine the antenna elements to form an array. The simple and stable pattern synthesis algorithm has always been the focus of antenna field. Large plane arrays have wide azimuth and pitch scanning ability, high gain and easy to realize three-dimensional beamforming. Therefore, it has been widely used. In this paper, the research work on the synthesis of large plane array pattern is carried out, which can be divided into the following three parts: first, The fast pattern synthesis method for large periodic plane arrays is studied. Firstly, the Fourier transform relationship between array excitation and array factors is established. Secondly, an alternating projection algorithm based on fast Fourier transform is used to synthesize the pattern of the array. In view of the disadvantage of the traditional alternating projection algorithm, two improved alternating projection operators are proposed in this paper. The fast pattern synthesis of rectangular grid array and arbitrary triangular grid array with periodic arrangement is carried out respectively. The concrete simulation results show that the improved projection operator has the advantages of fast convergence and short calculation time. A fast pattern synthesis method for large aperiodic plane arrays is studied. The aperiodic Fourier transform relationship between aperiodic array excitations and array factors is studied. In this paper, a fast method of synthesizing aperiodic array pattern is presented. The basic idea is: firstly, virtual periodic array is constructed by interpolating virtual cell in aperiodic array. Then the pattern of the virtual periodic array is synthesized by the alternating projection algorithm based on the fast Fourier transform. Finally, the matrix transformation relationship between the periodic array and the aperiodic array is adopted. The simulation results show that the pattern of the virtual periodic array is almost identical with that of the actual aperiodic array, which verifies the feasibility and correctness of the interpolation idea. The theory of time-modulated array and the application of array pattern synthesis are studied. By adding time dimension to array design, the dynamic range of array excitation amplitude is reduced, and the design complexity of feed network is reduced.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西安電子科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TN820.12

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