本文關鍵詞： 無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡 節(jié)點 能量收集 太陽能 風能　出處：《北京交通大學》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡技術被公認為21世紀最重要的技術之一,得到了國內外學者和企業(yè)的廣泛關注和研究。無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡技術在解決特定場合和環(huán)境的監(jiān)測、通訊、管理和救援等方面具有不可替代的優(yōu)勢。節(jié)點的能耗和能量供應是無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡技術應用發(fā)展過程中必須解決的關鍵問題,然而傳統(tǒng)節(jié)點的有線能源和一次性電池能源限制了無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡的廣泛應用與深度拓展。隨著環(huán)境能量收集技術的研究與發(fā)展,具備環(huán)境能量收集能力的節(jié)點將為特定區(qū)域的無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡的應用提供完備的能量解決方案,因此具有能量收集能力的節(jié)點研究是一項具有實際應用價值的重要工作。 本文以太陽能和風能為研究背景,研究太陽能和風能的收集、儲存電路以及節(jié)點的能量管理策略,基于現(xiàn)有應用技術并嘗試解決無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡應用中出現(xiàn)的問題,進而對環(huán)境能量充足地區(qū)的無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡的應用方案展開了探索性研究,取得了以下主要成果： 1.設計實現(xiàn)了三種收集太陽能的能量收集電路,不同的電路方案適合不同節(jié)點的能量策略,并針對能量的存儲研究了鋰電池、超級電容的不同性能。在電路設計過程中充分考慮到能量收集電路的效率和整個電路系統(tǒng)的低功耗,三種電路的收集效率均達到了90%以上。同時設計了以風力發(fā)電和鉛酸蓄電池存儲電能的協(xié)調器節(jié)點,并在節(jié)點上安置遠程無線數(shù)據(jù)平臺,實現(xiàn)了數(shù)據(jù)的收集和管理。 2.設計實現(xiàn)了微弱電流測試系統(tǒng),為低功耗電路調試提供了有效的手段。微弱電流測試以對數(shù)放大器為核心器件,通過三個量程的設計實現(xiàn)了10nA～1mA的電流測量,可以滿足節(jié)點休眠狀態(tài)下功耗的精確測量。 3.針對論文中設計的能量獲取節(jié)點電路系統(tǒng),搭建了星型結構的無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡測試平臺,通過太陽能供電節(jié)點的數(shù)據(jù)采集和風能供電協(xié)調節(jié)點的數(shù)據(jù)收集,驗證了電路系統(tǒng)的可用性。并在電路系統(tǒng)運行過程中進行了一系列的電路參數(shù)測試,為進一步研究無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡中能量獲取技術提供了參考。 通過戶外環(huán)境的平臺測試和基于TI Z-Stack的軟件調試,分析了能量收集節(jié)點使用過程中出現(xiàn)的問題,實現(xiàn)了電路系統(tǒng)的改進工作,給出了進一步的解決方案,為工程應用積累了經(jīng)驗。
[Abstract]:Wireless sensor network (WSN) technology is recognized as one of the most important technologies in 21th century, and has received extensive attention and research from domestic and foreign scholars and enterprises. Management and rescue have irreplaceable advantages. The energy consumption and energy supply of nodes are the key problems that must be solved in the development of wireless sensor network technology. However, the wireline energy and disposable battery energy of traditional nodes limit the wide application and deep development of wireless sensor networks. With the research and development of environmental energy collection technology, Nodes with environmental energy collection capability will provide a complete energy solution for wireless sensor network applications in a specific area, so the research of nodes with energy collection capability is an important work with practical application value. Based on the research background of solar and wind energy, this paper studies the collection, storage circuit and node energy management strategy of solar and wind energy, based on the existing application technology and tries to solve the problems in wireless sensor network applications. Furthermore, the application scheme of wireless sensor network in the region of sufficient environment energy is studied, and the main results are as follows:. 1. Three kinds of energy collection circuits for solar energy collection are designed and implemented. Different circuit schemes are suitable for different node energy strategies, and lithium batteries are studied for energy storage. The different performances of super capacitors. The efficiency of the energy collection circuit and the low power consumption of the whole circuit system are fully taken into account in the circuit design. The collection efficiency of the three circuits is above 90%. At the same time, a coordinator node is designed to store electric energy by wind power generation and lead-acid battery, and a remote wireless data platform is installed on the node to realize the data collection and management. 2. The weak current testing system is designed and implemented, which provides an effective means for the low power circuit debugging. The weak current testing takes logarithmic amplifier as the core device, and realizes the current measurement of 10nA1mA through the design of three measuring ranges. It can satisfy the precise measurement of power consumption in the state of node sleep. 3. Aiming at the circuit system of energy acquisition node designed in this paper, a star structure wireless sensor network test platform is built. The data acquisition of solar power node and the data collection of wind power supply coordination node are carried out. The availability of the circuit system is verified, and a series of circuit parameters are tested during the operation of the circuit system, which provides a reference for the further study of the energy acquisition technology in wireless sensor networks. Through the platform test of outdoor environment and the software debugging based on TI Z-Stack, the problems in the process of using energy collection node are analyzed, the improvement of circuit system is realized, and the further solution is given. Accumulated experience for engineering application.
【學位授予單位】：北京交通大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TM61;TN929.5;TP212.9

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