本文關(guān)鍵詞： 室內(nèi)定位 WiFi PDR Android 步長估算　出處：《華中師范大學》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：室內(nèi)定位是指當人或者物體在室內(nèi)時,獲取其位置信息的定位技術(shù)。由于GPS(Global Positioning System)全球定位系統(tǒng)在全世界的普及,室外定位技術(shù)已經(jīng)非常成熟,但是,在室內(nèi)接收的GPS信號非常微弱,甚至接收不到,故室內(nèi)定位需要采用新技術(shù)。目前,可用于室內(nèi)定位的技術(shù)有很多,包括RFID、藍牙、紅外、UWB、 ZigBee、WiFi和行人航跡推算PDR(Pedestrian Dead Reckoning)技術(shù)等。行人航跡推算PDR技術(shù)是一種基于傳感器信息計算行人相對位置的定位技術(shù),它首先通過加速度傳感器檢測行人的步數(shù)并估算出步長,然后通過磁阻傳感器和陀螺儀計算出行人的方位角,最后獲取人體移動的相對位置從而實現(xiàn)定位。相較于其他室內(nèi)定位方法,行人航跡推算PDR不受外界環(huán)境影響,定位精度較高,但只能獲取相對位置信息,且存在累積誤差；而WiFi定位是基于設(shè)備接收到的WiFi熱點的信號強度,來計算物體的位置信息,因此通過WiFi定位可獲取絕對位置信息,可用來減小PDR定位累積誤差,但是WiFi定位精度易受外界環(huán)境的影響。因此本文使用行人航跡推算PDR和WiFi聯(lián)合定位技術(shù),實現(xiàn)高精度和高穩(wěn)定性的室內(nèi)定位。此外,由于WiFi熱點已經(jīng)廣泛存在于室內(nèi)空間,因此此種聯(lián)合定位方式一般不需要額外布置其他硬件設(shè)備。 現(xiàn)在,智能手機越來越普及,WiFi成了必備功能,大多數(shù)智能手機也內(nèi)置了加速度傳感器和磁阻傳感器,少數(shù)手機還內(nèi)置了陀螺儀和氣壓計,因此直接使用智能手機實現(xiàn)室內(nèi)定位成為了研究熱點。本文以Android智能手機XIAOMI M1作為硬件平臺,設(shè)計并實現(xiàn)了行人航跡推算PDR和WiFi聯(lián)合室內(nèi)定位系統(tǒng)。首先,在Android手機上設(shè)計并實現(xiàn)WiFi室內(nèi)定位；然后,基于Android手機平臺設(shè)計并實現(xiàn)行人航跡推算PDR技術(shù),并提出新的步長估計算法以提高定位精度；最后,提出行人航跡推算PDR和WiFi聯(lián)合室內(nèi)定位技術(shù)的融合策略,并用實驗驗證。本文主要研究的內(nèi)容和實現(xiàn)的工作有： (1)在WiFi網(wǎng)絡(luò)基礎(chǔ)上,研究和設(shè)計了基于Android手機平臺的室內(nèi)定位技術(shù),并搭建基于WiFi定位的服務(wù)器； (2)研究和實現(xiàn)了基于Android平臺的行人航跡推算PDR技術(shù)； (3)提出新的步長估計算法,并設(shè)計實驗驗證其提高了步長估算的精度； (4)提出行人航跡推算PDR和WiFi聯(lián)合的室內(nèi)定位技術(shù)的融合策略,并設(shè)計實驗驗證。
[Abstract]:Indoor positioning refers to the positioning technology that obtains the position information of people or objects when they are indoors. Due to the popularity of GPS(Global Positioning system in the world, outdoor positioning technology is very mature, but, The GPS signal received in the room is very weak, even can not be received, so indoor positioning needs to adopt new technology. At present, there are many technologies that can be used in indoor positioning, including RFID, Bluetooth, Infrared UWB, ZigBeeWiFi and PDR(Pedestrian Dead Recogning. The PDR technology of pedestrian track estimation is a kind of location technology which calculates the relative position of pedestrians based on sensor information. It first detects the pedestrian step number and estimates the step size by acceleration sensor. Then the azimuth of the traveller is calculated by the magnetoresistive sensor and the gyroscope, and the relative position of the human body is obtained. Compared with other indoor positioning methods, the pedestrian trajectory calculates that the PDR is not affected by the external environment. The positioning accuracy is high, but only the relative position information can be obtained, and there are accumulative errors, while the WiFi location is based on the signal strength of the WiFi hot spot received by the device to calculate the position information of the object, so the absolute position information can be obtained through the WiFi positioning. It can be used to reduce the cumulative error of PDR positioning, but the positioning accuracy of WiFi is easy to be affected by the external environment. Therefore, in this paper, the joint positioning technology of PDR and WiFi is used to realize the indoor positioning with high accuracy and high stability. Because the WiFi hot spot already exists widely in the indoor space, so this kind of joint localization way generally does not need to arrange the other hardware equipment. Today, smartphones are becoming more and more popular with WiFi as a must-have feature. Most smartphones also have accelerometers and magnetoresistive sensors, and a few have gyroscopes and barometers. Therefore, direct use of smart phones to achieve indoor positioning has become a research hotspot. In this paper, the Android smart phone XIAOMI M1 is used as the hardware platform to design and implement a pedestrian track reckoning PDR and WiFi joint indoor positioning system. Design and implement WiFi indoor positioning on Android mobile phone; then, design and implement the PDR technology based on Android mobile phone platform, and propose a new step size estimation algorithm to improve the positioning accuracy. The fusion strategy of pedestrian track reckoning (PDR) and WiFi combined indoor positioning technology is put forward and verified by experiments. The main contents and implementation work of this paper are as follows:. 1) on the basis of WiFi network, the indoor positioning technology based on Android mobile platform is studied and designed, and the server based on WiFi is built. 2) the PDR technology of pedestrian track estimation based on Android platform is studied and realized. (3) A new step size estimation algorithm is proposed, and an experiment is designed to verify that it improves the precision of step size estimation. Finally, the fusion strategy of PDR and WiFi indoor positioning technology is put forward, and the experiment is designed to verify it.
【學位授予單位】：華中師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TN929.53;TN92

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本文編號：1537979