本文關鍵詞： 森林防火 物聯(lián)網(wǎng) 紫蜂 協(xié)議棧 傳感器　出處：《齊齊哈爾大學》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：林火的發(fā)生會對經(jīng)濟、社會和環(huán)境產(chǎn)生難以估量的損失。針對現(xiàn)階段林火防控領域主要采用的視頻監(jiān)控和衛(wèi)星監(jiān)控等方法存在的弊端和缺陷,本文采用物聯(lián)網(wǎng)中使用的短距離、低功耗、自組織的ZigBee無線通信技術,并在無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡的基礎上提出了一種林火防控的新思路和新方法。林火防控系統(tǒng)的設計分為硬件設計和軟件設計兩方面。硬件設計了包括終端節(jié)點、路由節(jié)點和協(xié)調節(jié)點三種節(jié)點在內的系統(tǒng)前端監(jiān)控網(wǎng)絡節(jié)點電路,具體由核心微處理及短距離無線數(shù)據(jù)收發(fā)模塊、溫度和濕度數(shù)據(jù)采集模塊、光照強度感知模塊、煙霧探測模塊、紅外感應模塊、GPS定位模塊和GPRS遠距離數(shù)據(jù)收發(fā)等數(shù)據(jù)采集模塊和配套的一些外圍電路所構成。其中各種傳感模塊是終端節(jié)點所獨有的,GPRS模塊是協(xié)調節(jié)點所獨有的,GPS模塊是所有節(jié)點在安裝后都需使用的模塊。軟件編寫了基于Z-Stack協(xié)議棧的處于防控系統(tǒng)前端的協(xié)調節(jié)點、路由節(jié)點和終端節(jié)點等林區(qū)監(jiān)控節(jié)點的程序,包括節(jié)點周圍溫度數(shù)值的采集,相對濕度的采集,光照入射量的采集,煙霧濃度的采集和紅外光強度的采集。除此之外,利用終端節(jié)點加入網(wǎng)絡、分配網(wǎng)絡地址、路由的策略、數(shù)據(jù)的加密等策略可以相當程度上保證Zigbee網(wǎng)絡的魯棒性和靈活性,使網(wǎng)絡擁有抵御雷電等自然因素對節(jié)點產(chǎn)生的破壞等突發(fā)情況的能力。上位機軟件通過串口接收前端監(jiān)控網(wǎng)絡發(fā)來的數(shù)據(jù),然后進行處理并與預設的閾值進行比較,如果超過相對應的物理參數(shù)閾值,則發(fā)出警報,提示該地有火警的可能。在處理完數(shù)據(jù)后,將其發(fā)送至服務器進行保存,以便進行歷史查詢。最后本文對前端監(jiān)控網(wǎng)絡的節(jié)點供電問題進行了研究,通過計算通信過程中產(chǎn)生能能耗,提出了采用太陽能電池板對路由節(jié)點和協(xié)調節(jié)點供電的方法。在低功耗設計實施部分,在節(jié)點采集完各項環(huán)境參數(shù)數(shù)據(jù)并發(fā)送給父節(jié)點后,使節(jié)點進入休眠狀態(tài)來減少不必要的能量開支,系統(tǒng)可以通過調節(jié)休眠的時間長短來實現(xiàn)不同季節(jié)的不同監(jiān)控要求。春季和秋季是林區(qū)防火的重點季節(jié),休眠時間不能過長,否則會影響防控系統(tǒng)的監(jiān)控能力,深冬季節(jié),大雪封山,適當降低前端網(wǎng)絡節(jié)點的工作時長不會對整個的林火監(jiān)控網(wǎng)絡造成太大的影響,同時在低溫環(huán)境下電池的供電時間與溫度在一定程度上有相關性,在相同電量情況下,溫度越低,供電時間越短,所以要盡可能的延長休眠時間,最大程度的節(jié)約電能,保證系統(tǒng)的監(jiān)控持續(xù)性。
[Abstract]:The occurrence of forest fire will cause incalculable losses to economy, society and environment. Aiming at the shortcomings and defects of the main methods in the field of forest fire prevention and control, such as video surveillance and satellite monitoring, etc. In this paper, the use of the Internet of things used in the short-range, low-power, self-organizing ZigBee wireless communication technology. On the basis of wireless sensor network, a new idea and method of forest fire prevention and control are put forward. The design of forest fire prevention and control system is divided into two aspects: hardware design and software design. Hardware design includes terminal node. The system front-end monitoring network node circuit including routing node and coordination node is composed of core micro-processing and short-range wireless data transceiver module temperature and humidity data acquisition module. Illumination intensity sensing module, smoke detection module, infrared sensing module. GPS positioning module, GPRS remote data transceiver and other data acquisition modules and some supporting peripheral circuits, among which various sensing modules are unique to the terminal node. GPRS module is unique to the coordination node, which is the module that all nodes need to use after installation. The software has written the coordination node based on Z-Stack protocol stack in the front end of the control system. Routing node and terminal node monitoring node in forest areas, including the acquisition of temperature around the node, the acquisition of relative humidity, the acquisition of the incident amount of light. In addition, the terminal nodes are used to join the network, assign network address and route strategy. Data encryption and other strategies can ensure the robustness and flexibility of Zigbee network to a certain extent. The network has the ability to resist the damage caused by the lightning and other natural factors to the node. The software of the upper computer receives the data from the network through the serial port. The process is then processed and compared with the preset threshold, and if the corresponding physical parameter threshold is exceeded, an alarm is issued indicating the possibility of a fire in the area. Send it to the server to save for historical query. Finally, this paper studies the power supply problem of the front-end monitoring network node, through the calculation of energy consumption in the communication process. In the low power design implementation, after the node collects the data of the environment parameters and sends to the parent node, the method of using solar panel to supply the routing node and the coordinated node is put forward. The system can adjust the duration of dormancy to achieve different monitoring requirements in different seasons. Spring and autumn are the key seasons of fire prevention in forest areas. Sleep time can not be too long, otherwise it will affect the monitoring ability of the control system, in the deep winter season, Greater Snow mountain closure, appropriate to reduce the working time of the front-end network nodes will not cause too much impact on the whole forest fire monitoring network. At the same time in the low-temperature environment, the battery power supply time and temperature in a certain extent, in the same electricity condition, the lower the temperature, the shorter the power supply time, so as to extend the dormancy time as much as possible. Maximum power saving, to ensure the sustainability of the system monitoring.
【學位授予單位】：齊齊哈爾大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S762;TP391.44;TN929.5

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