本文關(guān)鍵詞： 微多普勒 多目標(biāo) 特征提取 參數(shù)估計(jì) 仿真系統(tǒng)　出處：《電子科技大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：當(dāng)前,基于微動(dòng)特征的目標(biāo)識(shí)別技術(shù)成為了雷達(dá)目標(biāo)識(shí)別領(lǐng)域的一個(gè)新課題,并被認(rèn)為是雷達(dá)目標(biāo)識(shí)別技術(shù)中最有發(fā)展?jié)摿Φ募夹g(shù)之一。本文以空間多目標(biāo)為研究對(duì)象,在建立窄帶雷達(dá)空間多目標(biāo)多分量微動(dòng)模型的基礎(chǔ)上,對(duì)多目標(biāo)微動(dòng)特征提取及參數(shù)估計(jì)進(jìn)行了研究,并設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)現(xiàn)了窄帶雷達(dá)微多普勒仿真系統(tǒng)。論文的主要工作和研究成果有:1.在分析微多普勒效應(yīng)的基礎(chǔ)上,建立了空間目標(biāo)的微動(dòng)模型、多目標(biāo)的位置模型和回波模型。在研究散射中心遮擋效應(yīng)的基礎(chǔ)上,推導(dǎo)了錐體目標(biāo)微動(dòng)姿態(tài)角的數(shù)學(xué)表達(dá)式。通過(guò)微波暗室實(shí)驗(yàn)對(duì)遮擋效應(yīng)進(jìn)行了驗(yàn)證。2.針對(duì)時(shí)頻圖中存在噪聲的問(wèn)題,提出了門限閥值降噪處理方法,該方法能夠有效的濾除噪聲。對(duì)viterbi算法進(jìn)行了深入的研究,該算法能提取多目標(biāo)多分量時(shí)頻圖中各分量的瞬時(shí)頻率,并分離對(duì)應(yīng)分量的時(shí)頻特征,但對(duì)存在間斷點(diǎn)的時(shí)頻圖的瞬時(shí)頻率提取失效。針對(duì)viterbi算法的不足,提出了瞬時(shí)頻率極大值估計(jì)法,該方法能夠有效的提取存在間斷點(diǎn)時(shí)頻圖的瞬時(shí)頻率。3.深入分析了空間錐體目標(biāo)的微多普勒,得出以下結(jié)論:進(jìn)動(dòng)的微多普勒為諧波函數(shù)形式;章動(dòng)的微多普勒不是諧波函數(shù),但為周期函數(shù)。4.基于極大值法提取的瞬時(shí)頻率,提出了基于分量累加的周期估計(jì)方法,該方法能準(zhǔn)確的估計(jì)單目標(biāo)的微動(dòng)周期,對(duì)多目標(biāo)能進(jìn)行周期粗估計(jì)。針對(duì)微多普勒為諧波函數(shù)的微動(dòng),基于viterbi算法提取的瞬時(shí)頻率,提出了諧波分析方法,該方法能估計(jì)進(jìn)動(dòng)錐體目標(biāo)的自旋和錐旋周期。針對(duì)諧波分析方法估計(jì)誤差較大的問(wèn)題,給出了一種誤差補(bǔ)償?shù)姆椒?當(dāng)回波積累時(shí)間大于微動(dòng)周期時(shí),該方法能有效的補(bǔ)償諧波分析方法的估計(jì)誤差。5.針對(duì)微多普勒為正弦函數(shù)(諧波函數(shù)的特例)的情況,研究了正弦函數(shù)擬合和多項(xiàng)式函數(shù)擬合的參數(shù)化估計(jì)方法,這兩種方法能有效的估計(jì)微多普勒的周期、幅度和相位。針對(duì)微多普勒為諧波函數(shù)的情況,提出了諧波函數(shù)擬合的參數(shù)化估計(jì)方法,該方法能有效的估計(jì)各次諧波的幅度和相位,但需要通過(guò)諧波分析方法提前估計(jì)各次諧波的角頻率。6.采用Matlab GUI設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)現(xiàn)了窄帶雷達(dá)微多普勒仿真系統(tǒng)。該系統(tǒng)能夠在線設(shè)置目標(biāo)場(chǎng)景及微動(dòng)參數(shù),并能對(duì)微動(dòng)特征提取及參數(shù)估計(jì)算法進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證。
[Abstract]:At present, the technology of target recognition based on fretting feature has become a new topic in the field of radar target recognition. It is considered to be one of the most promising technologies in radar target recognition. In this paper, a multi-target fretting model of narrow-band radar is established. The multi-target fretting feature extraction and parameter estimation are studied, and the narrowband radar micro-Doppler simulation system is designed and implemented. The main work and research results of this paper are: 1. Based on the analysis of micro-Doppler effect. The fretting model, multi-target position model and echo model of spatial target are established, and the occlusion effect of scattering center is studied. The mathematical expression of fretting attitude angle of pyramidal target is derived. The occlusion effect is verified by microwave darkroom experiment. Aiming at the problem of noise in time-frequency image, a threshold threshold noise reduction method is proposed. This method can effectively filter the noise. The viterbi algorithm is studied deeply. The algorithm can extract the instantaneous frequency of each component in the multi-target multi-component time-frequency map and separate the time-frequency characteristics of the corresponding components. However, the instantaneous frequency extraction of time-frequency graph with discontinuous points is invalid. Aiming at the deficiency of viterbi algorithm, the method of estimating the maximum instantaneous frequency is proposed. This method can effectively extract the instantaneous frequency of the time-frequency map with discontinuous points. The micro-Doppler of the space conical object is deeply analyzed and the following conclusions are drawn: the precession micro-Doppler is a harmonic function; The micro-Doppler of nutation is not a harmonic function, but a periodic function. 4. Based on the instantaneous frequency extracted by the maximum method, a period estimation method based on the accumulation of components is proposed. This method can accurately estimate the fretting period of a single target, and estimate the period coarser for the multi-target. The instantaneous frequency extracted from the micro-Doppler is based on the viterbi algorithm for the micro-Doppler fretting with harmonic function. A harmonic analysis method is proposed, which can estimate the spin and cone rotation periods of the precession cone target. A method of error compensation is presented to solve the problem that the estimation error of the harmonic analysis method is large. When the echo accumulation time is longer than the fretting period, the method can effectively compensate the estimation error of the harmonic analysis method. 5. For the case that the micro-Doppler is a sinusoidal function (the special case of harmonic function). The parameterized estimation methods of sinusoidal function fitting and polynomial function fitting are studied. These two methods can effectively estimate the period, amplitude and phase of micro-Doppler. A parameterized estimation method of harmonic function fitting is proposed, which can effectively estimate the amplitude and phase of each harmonic. However, it is necessary to estimate the angular frequency of each harmonic in advance by harmonic analysis. Matlab is adopted. GUI designs and implements a narrowband radar micro-Doppler simulation system, which can set the target scene and micro-motion parameters online. The algorithm of fretting feature extraction and parameter estimation can be verified.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：電子科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TN957.51

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本文編號(hào)：1453896