發(fā)布時間：2018-01-18 10:30

  本文關(guān)鍵詞：分形天線技術(shù)與設(shè)計研究　出處：《上海交通大學(xué)》2014年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 分形天線 鄰頻比 分形小型化天線 分形多頻 多模天線 多（復(fù)）分形天線 分形（超）寬帶天線 分形共形天線 分形陣列天線 單元陣列效應(yīng)

【摘要】：天線是無線通訊和雷達(dá)系統(tǒng)中最重要的部件之一，它的性能優(yōu)劣直接關(guān)乎整個系統(tǒng)的通信質(zhì)量或探測能力。隨著現(xiàn)代無線業(yè)務(wù)的不斷增加，無線系統(tǒng)日益變得緊湊化、多頻化、寬帶化、輕量化和廉價化，天線技術(shù)因此越來越成為制約系統(tǒng)性能的最大挑戰(zhàn)之一。小型化、多頻段、寬頻帶、高效率、高增益、可重構(gòu)和自適應(yīng)等已成為天線技術(shù)當(dāng)前及今后發(fā)展的主要方向。分形天線是現(xiàn)代天線技術(shù)的重大突破，它具有小型化、多諧振、多模式、自匹配、單元陣列效應(yīng)、外形美觀、適用于設(shè)計各類天線等特點，是分形幾何與天線技術(shù)相結(jié)合的產(chǎn)物。分形天線是指主輻射體、地板或反射板的幾何形狀或材料屬性具有分形特征的一類天線。它是一門獨特的天線技術(shù)而不是某種具有特定結(jié)構(gòu)的天線種類，如微帶天線、螺旋天線、拋物面天線等，可用于各類天線的設(shè)計，比如線天線、面天線等，具有廣闊的應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域和發(fā)展前景。分形天線的高次諧頻往往具有新奇輻射特性，可用于性能獨特的新穎天線設(shè)計，如1.5·λ軸向模和共面全向模分形偶極子天線和小型化、多頻段軸向模分形螺旋天線等，又能用于對各類常規(guī)天線性能進(jìn)行改進(jìn)，比如微帶分形天線能實現(xiàn)小型化、多頻段工作，分形環(huán)天線具有多頻、多模式和高增益特性，0.5·λ法向模分形偶極子天線具有更小尺寸，分形介質(zhì)諧振天線能實現(xiàn)高增益、多頻段或?qū)掝l段工作，分形（超）寬帶單極子天線具有高增益、高效率和帶內(nèi)方向圖一致性，分形共形天線具有小型化、新穎輻射模式和對共形表面曲率不敏感等特點，分形陣列天線具有小型化、高增益和低旁瓣等特點。 自1991年美國康奈爾大學(xué)（Cornell University）的Nathan Cohen博士正式提出“分形天線”這一概念以來，分形天線在全世界天線研究領(lǐng)域中掀起了一股熱潮并實現(xiàn)了小規(guī)模商業(yè)化應(yīng)用。近二十多年來，分形天線的種類不斷豐富，制作工藝愈發(fā)先進(jìn)，應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域也日益廣泛。然而，分形天線的更多特性尚未被認(rèn)識，嚴(yán)格理論基礎(chǔ)尚未建立，設(shè)計方法還有待完善，寬帶化的挑戰(zhàn)尚需突破；諸多新穎特性，比如多輻射模式、高增益、高效率、單元陣列效應(yīng)和抗毀損性等尚未引起研究者們的注意；諧振頻率、小型化、鄰頻比、輻射特性等與其幾何特征的關(guān)系尚無確切的數(shù)學(xué)關(guān)系式；分形體的構(gòu)造方法、最佳分形結(jié)構(gòu)和饋電方式的選擇還沒有成為分形天線研究的重要內(nèi)容；多頻段疊合而實現(xiàn)寬帶工作的嘗試尚需努力；分形用于設(shè)計高性能共形天線的主題尚未確立。除此之外，分形天線的研究至今僅限于單一分形體的研究，而由兩種或多種單分形體結(jié)合而成的多（復(fù)）分形天線是否具有單分形天線所沒有的新特性還沒有進(jìn)行深入探索；非直線彎折分形，如圓弧彎折分形天線領(lǐng)域尚無人涉足。到目前為止，分形天線種類較少、性能單一，再加上諧振帶寬較窄的固有缺點，雖歷經(jīng)多年研究但仍未獲得廣泛的工程應(yīng)用。因此，有一些天線研究者說“分形天線的漂亮的外形要比其性能更吸引人”。從某種意義上說，這句話真實地反映出了分形天線發(fā)展至今尚不如人意的現(xiàn)實狀況。本文作者正是力圖改變這一局面，在克服分形天線固有缺陷、構(gòu)造新型分形幾何體和探索分形天線新奇特性等方面進(jìn)行了廣泛深入、系統(tǒng)全面的研究，，獲得了諸多創(chuàng)新性成果，從而進(jìn)一步推動了分形天線的工程實際應(yīng)用。 本文對分形天線研究的貢獻(xiàn)包括理論突破和應(yīng)用擴(kuò)展兩方面。理論方面，首次詳盡、科學(xué)地揭示出分形天線的電性能與其幾何特征的密切關(guān)系，即小型化、鄰頻比、諧振阻抗等諧振特性與迭代次數(shù)、物理尺度比（幾何尺度比）、分形尺度比和分形維數(shù)四個重要幾何參數(shù)間的確切數(shù)學(xué)表達(dá)式。工程應(yīng)用方面，發(fā)明了GuiseppePeano小型化軸向模圓柱螺旋天線、Koch-like sided bow-tie多頻/寬帶偶極子天線、KSSG/SKLB/KLSHC多（復(fù)）分形單/偶極子天線、CAKC/Guiseppe Peano分形多頻多模單/偶極子天線、CABFL分形多頻多模環(huán)天線、CABFH分形多頻多模螺旋天線、Pyriform shaped超寬帶偶極子、Sierpinski curve共面全向/軸向模偶極子等天線。這些分形天線基次諧頻實現(xiàn)了尺寸縮減，而高次諧頻則出現(xiàn)了類似基頻或新的有用輻射模式，比如CAKC五頻段、三模式單極子天線，基頻和第二諧頻是全向輻射模式，第三、第四諧頻則是軸向高增益輻射模式，第五諧頻是偏軸向全向輻射模式；K2CABFH五頻段、三模式、雙旋向圓極化分形螺旋天線，基頻、第二、第五諧頻是右旋圓極化（RHCP）軸向模，第三諧頻是左旋圓極化（LHCP）軸向模，第四諧頻是右旋圓極化（RHCP）偏軸向模。其中，第五諧頻軸向模具有顯著的單元陣列效應(yīng)，即軸向增益相當(dāng)于一個四單元圓柱螺旋陣列天線。 與其他關(guān)于分形天線的文獻(xiàn)僅專注于理論研究不同的是，本文的設(shè)計實例不僅很好地闡述了分形天線理論，而且具有良好的應(yīng)用價值，比如Sierpinski curve水平全向高增益共軸陣列天線具有較低的軸向高度，CAKC分形單極子法向模用于低增益全向廣播、軸向模用于高增益定向通信，K2CABFH分形螺旋天線可替代多支常規(guī)軸向模圓柱螺旋天線。這些小型化、多頻段、多模式、高性能分形天線有效地減少了無線通信系統(tǒng)的天線數(shù)目、降低了系統(tǒng)成本、減輕了平臺負(fù)重、降低了多天線間的電磁耦合，用事實證明了它的良好實用價值，因而大大推動了分形天線的工程和商業(yè)應(yīng)用。
[Abstract]:Antenna is one of the most important wireless communication and radar system components, communication quality or ability to detect its performance is directly related to the whole system. With the increasing of modern wireless business, wireless system becomes increasingly compact, multi frequency, broadband, lightweight and inexpensive, so the antenna technology is becoming one of the the biggest challenge to restrict the system performance. The miniaturization, multi band, broadband, high efficiency, high gain, reconfigurable and adaptive antenna technology has become the main direction of the current and future development. The fractal antenna is a major breakthrough in modern antenna technology, it has the miniaturization, multi resonant, multi mode, self matching, cell array effect, beautiful appearance, suitable for all kinds of antenna design and other characteristics, is a product of fractal geometry and antenna combination. Fractal antenna refers to the main radiator, floor or reflector geometry or material A class of antenna property with fractal characteristics. It is a unique antenna technology rather than a type of antenna having a specific structure, such as microstrip antenna, helical antenna, parabolic antenna, can be used for the design of various types of antennas, such as antenna, antenna, has broad application fields and development prospect of higher order. Harmonic fractal antenna radiation characteristics often have a novelty, can be used for novel antenna design unique properties, such as 1.5 - lambda axial mode and coplanar omnidirectional mode fractal dipole antenna and miniaturization, multi band axial mode helical antenna fractal, and can be used for various types of conventional antenna performance improvements, such as microstrip antenna can achieve a small, multi band, multi frequency antenna with fractal ring, multi mode and high gain characteristics, 0.5 lambda normal mode fractal dipole antenna has a smaller size, fractal dielectric resonator antenna can achieve high gain Good work, multi band or wideband, fractal (ultra) wideband monopole antenna with high gain, high efficiency and band pattern consistency, fractal conformal antenna has the advantages of miniaturization, novel radiation pattern and the conformal surface curvature insensitive characteristics of fractal array antenna has small size, high gain and low the side lobe characteristics.
Since 1991, the Cornell University (Cornell University) Nathan since Dr. Cohen formally put forward the concept of fractal antenna, fractal antenna in the world in the field of antennas set off a craze and the realization of the small scale commercial applications. In the past more than 20 years, the type of antenna is unceasingly rich, making technology more advanced. Applications are more and more widely. However, more characteristic of fractal antenna has not been recognized, the strict theoretical foundation has not been established, the design method needs to be improved, broadband challenges still need breakthrough; many new features, such as multi radiation pattern, high gain, high efficiency, cell array effect and damage has not yet been survivable by researchers. Their attention; resonant frequency, miniaturization, adjacent frequency ratio, the mathematical relationship between radiation characteristics and geometric features there is no exact; fractal structure method, the optimal points The shape structure and feeding mode of choice has not become the important content in the research of fractal antenna; multi band overlap and attempt to realize broadband work remains to be done for the design of high performance; fractal antenna theme has not yet been established. In addition, the research of fractal antenna has only limited to single fractal, and by two or more single fractal combination of multi fractal antenna (complex) whether with new features not single fractal antenna has not been thoroughly explored; non linear bending arc bending such as fractal, fractal antenna field has yet. So far, the fractal antenna type of small, single performance, coupled with the the shortcomings inherent resonant with narrow bandwidth, although after many years of research but has not yet been widely applied in engineering. Therefore, some researchers say "antenna fractal antenna beautiful shape to be more attractive than its performance. In a sense, this sentence reflects the reality of fractal antenna development so far is not satisfactory. The author is trying to change this situation, to overcome the inherent defects of the fractal antenna structure model, fractal geometry and fractal exploration of novel properties and other aspects of the antenna is extensive, systematic and comprehensive study and get a lot of innovative achievements, and the practical application of fractal antenna engineering further.
Based on the fractal antenna contributions include theoretical breakthrough and application two aspects. In theory, the first detailed scientific study reveals the close relationship between fractal antenna electrical properties and geometric characteristics, namely, miniaturization, adjacent frequency ratio, resonant impedance resonant characteristics and iterative times, physical scale (geometric scale) the exact mathematical expressions, fractal dimension and fractal dimension than four important geometric parameters. The engineering application, the invention of the GuiseppePeano miniature axial mode helical antenna, Koch-like sided / bow-tie multi frequency broadband dipole antenna, KSSG/SKLB/KLSHC (complex) / single fractal dipole antenna, CAKC/Guiseppe fractal Peano multi frequency multi-mode / single dipole antenna CABFL, fractal multi frequency multi-mode ring antenna, CABFH fractal multi frequency multi-mode helical antenna, Pyriform shaped ultra wideband dipole Sierpinski curve coplanar dipole omni-directional / axial mode Antenna. The fractal antenna based second harmonic frequency to achieve size reduction, and high order harmonic frequency appears similar to the fundamental or useful new radiation mode, such as the CAKC five band, three mode monopole antenna, the fundamental frequency and the second harmonic frequency is third, fourth omnidirectional radiation pattern, harmonic frequency is axial high gain radiation patterns fifth, harmonic frequency is partial axial omnidirectional radiation pattern; K2CABFH five band, three mode, double rotation to circular polarization fractal spiral antenna, fundamental frequency, harmonic frequency is second, fifth right circularly polarized (RHCP) axial mode, third harmonic frequency is left circularly polarized (LHCP) axial mode, fourth harmonic frequency is RHCP (RHCP) partial axial mode. Among them, fifth harmonic axial mold unit array effect, i.e. axial gain is equivalent to a four unit helical array antenna.
And the other on the fractal antenna literature only focus on theoretical research is different, this example is not only very good description of the fractal antenna theory, but also has good application value, such as the Sierpinski curve level high gain omnidirectional coaxial antenna array with axial height is low, CAKC fractal monopole normal mode for low gain omnidirectional radio, axial mode for high gain directional communication, K2CABFH fractal spiral antenna can replace a conventional axial mode helical antenna. The miniaturization, multi band, multi-mode, high performance antenna can effectively reduce the number of antennas in wireless communication system, reduce system costs, reduce the platform weight, reduce electromagnetic the coupling between multi antenna, proved its good practical value, so the fractal antenna engineering and commercial applications greatly promote.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TN820

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