短距離室內(nèi)無(wú)線信道傳播特性研究
本文關(guān)鍵詞:短距離室內(nèi)無(wú)線信道傳播特性研究 出處:《南京郵電大學(xué)》2014年博士論文 論文類型:學(xué)位論文
更多相關(guān)文章: 短距離室內(nèi)無(wú)線通信 路徑損耗 多徑傳播 多輸入多輸出系統(tǒng) 交叉極化鑒別率
【摘要】:無(wú)線信道傳播特性是無(wú)線通信系統(tǒng)中提高性能、降低成本的關(guān)鍵因素。隨著無(wú)線傳感網(wǎng)應(yīng)用的迅速發(fā)展和第四代移動(dòng)通信系統(tǒng)的逐步商用,短距離室內(nèi)無(wú)線通信的業(yè)務(wù)需求和應(yīng)用場(chǎng)景日漸豐富。短距離室內(nèi)無(wú)線通信由于場(chǎng)景、頻段、人員密集程度等因素的影響,電磁傳播環(huán)境更為復(fù)雜,因此亟待對(duì)短距離室內(nèi)無(wú)線信道傳播特性展開(kāi)深入研究。本文在室內(nèi)辦公室、樓梯等典型場(chǎng)景,選擇5.8GHz和2.6GHz頻段進(jìn)行單輸入單輸出(SISO)和多輸入多輸出(MIMO)信道頻域測(cè)量。通過(guò)積累大量實(shí)測(cè)數(shù)據(jù),重點(diǎn)分析路徑損耗、多徑傳播、交叉極化鑒別率(XPD)等信道傳播特性,并結(jié)合環(huán)境、頻率、人員等因素建立經(jīng)驗(yàn)統(tǒng)計(jì)模型。本文的主要研究及貢獻(xiàn)如下: 首先,詳細(xì)分析比較了目前成熟的短距離室內(nèi)時(shí)域和頻域無(wú)線信道測(cè)量技術(shù)。頻域測(cè)量方法與時(shí)域測(cè)量方法相比,實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)備簡(jiǎn)單并且節(jié)省測(cè)量時(shí)間,并且在短距離室內(nèi)環(huán)境中,易于實(shí)現(xiàn)收發(fā)兩端的精確時(shí)間定位及嚴(yán)格同步。綜合考慮選擇頻域測(cè)量方法對(duì)信道傳播特性進(jìn)行研究,并結(jié)合現(xiàn)有實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)備,分別設(shè)計(jì)SISO和MIMO測(cè)量系統(tǒng)。 隨后,在短距離室內(nèi)環(huán)境5.8GHz頻段選取多個(gè)房間設(shè)計(jì)SISO實(shí)驗(yàn)方案研究路徑損耗。在分析大量視距和非視距實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)后,先對(duì)路徑損耗指數(shù)n和頻率f進(jìn)行擬合,使用最小二乘法確定冪函數(shù)表達(dá)式進(jìn)行擬合,,然后對(duì)路徑損耗指數(shù)n和陰影衰落X進(jìn)行概率統(tǒng)計(jì)分析,隨后在此基礎(chǔ)上建立頻域和空域聯(lián)合架構(gòu)的路徑損耗模型。研究表明路徑損耗指數(shù)n隨著頻率的增高逐漸變小,路徑損耗指數(shù)n和陰影衰落X兩個(gè)參量的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)偏差都是頻率相關(guān)參量且服從高斯分布。 接著,在短距離室內(nèi)環(huán)境中統(tǒng)計(jì)人員密度定義“閑時(shí)”和“忙時(shí)”場(chǎng)景,在2.6GHz頻段設(shè)計(jì)SISO實(shí)驗(yàn)方案進(jìn)行“閑時(shí)”和“忙時(shí)”測(cè)量,研究這兩種場(chǎng)景中的路徑損耗和多徑傳播統(tǒng)計(jì)特性。研究表明室內(nèi)多人引起的附加路徑損耗與收發(fā)天線間距離成線性關(guān)系δ·d,利用指數(shù)表達(dá)式可以定量描述均方根時(shí)延擴(kuò)展與3-dB相干帶寬之間的反比關(guān)系。統(tǒng)計(jì)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)“忙時(shí)”均方根時(shí)延擴(kuò)展的統(tǒng)計(jì)中值比“閑時(shí)”有所增加,并且“忙時(shí)”3-dB相干帶寬的統(tǒng)計(jì)分布服從正態(tài)分布,“閑時(shí)”與t分布相吻合。特別在非視距情形“忙時(shí)”場(chǎng)景中,到達(dá)接收端的多徑分量不能很明顯形成簇,多徑分量的幅度和數(shù)目的最佳分布分別服從Nakagami分布和t分布。 最后,在室內(nèi)典型應(yīng)用場(chǎng)景樓梯環(huán)境中選擇2.6GHz頻段進(jìn)行2×2MIMO信道測(cè)量。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)在樓梯環(huán)境非視距情形中,路徑損耗并不隨收發(fā)天線間距離的增加而增加,通過(guò)定義關(guān)于樓梯臺(tái)階和平臺(tái)的路徑損耗變量對(duì)路徑損耗進(jìn)行經(jīng)驗(yàn)建模。樓梯環(huán)境非視距情形中測(cè)量得到的MIMO信道容量接近于理想獨(dú)立同分布瑞利信道容量,信道矩陣特征值的統(tǒng)計(jì)分布與Nakagami分布相吻合。然后在短距離室內(nèi)視距情形進(jìn)行混合極化2×2MIMO信道測(cè)量研究XPD,分析大量數(shù)據(jù)后采用線性函數(shù)對(duì)XPD-頻率指數(shù)和距離進(jìn)行擬合,在頻域和空域建立XPD經(jīng)驗(yàn)?zāi)P。研究表明XPD隨著頻率的增加輕微增加,而隨著距離的增加緩慢減小,XPD-頻率指數(shù)和XPD陰影衰落的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)偏差服從Nakagami分布。 本學(xué)位論文研究為短距離室內(nèi)無(wú)線通信系統(tǒng)中功率控制、節(jié)點(diǎn)設(shè)置和頻譜使用等設(shè)計(jì)工作提供理論依據(jù)和實(shí)踐基礎(chǔ)。
[Abstract]:Propagation characteristics of wireless channel is to improve the performance of wireless communication system, a key factor in reducing cost. With the gradual development of commercial rapid application of wireless sensor networks and the fourth generation mobile communication system, short distance wireless communications business requirements and scenarios of increasingly rich. The short distance wireless communication because of indoor scenes, frequency, impact factors crowded the extent of the electromagnetic propagation environment is more complex, so it is urgent to indoor propagation characteristics of short distance wireless channel research. Based on the indoor office, stairs and other typical scenes, choose 5.8GHz and 2.6GHz band single input single output (SISO) and multiple input multiple output (MIMO) channel frequency measurement. Through the accumulation of a large number of measured focus on the analysis of data, path loss, multipath propagation, cross polarization discrimination (XPD) channel propagation characteristics, and combined with the environment, frequency, and other factors set up by staff The main research and contribution of this paper are as follows:
First, a detailed analysis and comparison of the current mature short-range indoor wireless channel measurement technique in time domain and frequency domain. Compared with the time domain measurement method, experimental equipment is simple and saves measuring time, and in a short distance in the indoor environment, easy to locate the precise time of sending and receiving ends and strict synchronization. Considering the choice of frequency measurement method study on the channel propagation characteristics, combined with the existing experimental equipment, design SISO and MIMO measurement system.
Then, in a short distance indoor environment 5.8GHz band selected a number of room design SISO experimental scheme of path loss. In the analysis of a large number of LOS and NLOS experimental data, first by fitting the path loss exponent n and frequency f, determine the power function for fitting using least square method, and then the path loss exponent n and shadow fading X statistical analysis, then established on the basis of frequency domain and spatial structure of the path loss model. The results show that the path loss exponent n with the frequency increases gradually, the standard deviation of the path loss exponent n and X shadow fading two parameters are frequency dependent parameters and obey the Gauss distribution.
Then, the statistical personnel density definition of "leisure" and "busy" scene in the short distance in the indoor environment, "leisure" and "busy" measurement in the range of 2.6GHz SISO experimental design scheme of path loss and multipath propagation statistics of the two scenarios. Studies show that many people caused by indoor additional path loss and the distance between the antenna is a linear relationship between the delta D, can quantitatively describe the RMS delay spread and coherence bandwidth of 3-dB inverse relationship between the expression index. Statistical study found "statistical median busy" RMS delay spread increased compared to "leisure", and "busy" coherent statistics 3-dB the bandwidth distribution obeys normal distribution, "leisure" and "t" distribution coincide. Especially in the case of non line of sight "busy" in the scene, at the receiving end of the multipath component can not be obviously forming clusters, the amplitude of the multipath components Nakagami distribution and t distribution are subordinate to the optimal distribution.
Finally, in the indoor environment in the typical application scenarios stairs 2.6GHz frequency range of 2 * 2MIMO channel measurement. The study found in the stair environment NLOS situation, increase the path loss doesn't increase with the distance between the antenna increases, through the empirical modeling of path loss path loss variables on the stairs and platform stairs environment definition. MIMO channel capacity is measured in the horizon case close to ideal i.i.d. Rayleigh channel capacity, distribution channel matrix eigenvalues and Nakagami distribution coincide. Then in the situation of short distance indoor Los 2 x 2MIMO mixed polarization XPD channel measurement, analysis of a large amount of data using the linear function to fit the XPD- frequency index and distance, establish XPD empirical model in frequency domain and spatial domain. The research showed that XPD increased slightly with the increase of frequency, and with the increase of the distance slowly The slow decrease, the standard deviation of the XPD- frequency index and the XPD shadow fading are subject to the Nakagami distribution.
This dissertation provides a theoretical and practical basis for the design of power control, node setting and spectrum use in a short distance indoor wireless communication system.
【學(xué)位授予單位】:南京郵電大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】:博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2014
【分類號(hào)】:TN92
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