【摘要】：天文學(xué)在上個(gè)世紀(jì)取得了極大的進(jìn)展。從愛(ài)因斯坦提出廣義相對(duì)論并將其運(yùn)用到宇宙學(xué),到哈勃發(fā)現(xiàn)宇宙膨脹,加莫夫提出宇宙大爆炸理論,威爾遜、彭齊亞斯發(fā)現(xiàn)宇宙微波背景輻射,再到1998年兩個(gè)超新星小組發(fā)現(xiàn)宇宙加速膨脹,占宇宙總能量73%的暗能量旋即成為宇宙學(xué)研究的熱點(diǎn)與重點(diǎn)。本文從宇宙加速膨脹、暗能量以及Ia型超新星等背景知識(shí)出發(fā),主要介紹了宇宙學(xué)常數(shù)模型、全息暗能量模型以及Quintessence、Phantom、Quintom、Tachyon、Chaplygin Gas等幾類較為經(jīng)典的動(dòng)力學(xué)暗能量模型,定性地分析了各類模型的優(yōu)點(diǎn)與缺點(diǎn)。宇宙學(xué)常數(shù)模型雖然形式上簡(jiǎn)單明了,并且與觀測(cè)事實(shí)符合得很好,但是白璧微瑕,它仍然存在精細(xì)調(diào)節(jié)問(wèn)題和巧合性問(wèn)題兩大難題。Quintessence暗能量模型的狀態(tài)方程不像宇宙學(xué)常數(shù)模型那樣是一個(gè)常數(shù),它在(-1,+1)區(qū)間內(nèi)是可變的；并且該模型不存在巧合性問(wèn)題。Phantom暗能量模型與Quintessence相似,但是它解決了暗能量狀態(tài)方程有可能穿越-1的問(wèn)題,其不足在于可以導(dǎo)致宇宙大撕裂。Quintom暗能量模型則是Quintessence和Phantom的綜合,它同時(shí)具備兩類模型的一些性質(zhì)。全息暗能量是基于量子力學(xué)的全息原理提出的一種暗能量模型,其狀態(tài)方程只有一個(gè)參數(shù)c,可以在-1附近變化。 由于當(dāng)前暗能量模型各式各樣,我們迫切需要找到一種方法對(duì)這些模型進(jìn)行分析與甄別。Statefinder就是這樣一種方法。Statefinder的基本思路是通過(guò)引進(jìn)Statefinder參數(shù)對(duì){r,s㘎,比較暗能量模型在s-r平面上與固定點(diǎn){0,1}亦即ΔCDM模型的距離。本文通過(guò)該方法主要分析與比較了Chaplygin Gas暗能量模型和全息暗能量模型,著重研究了修正Chaplygin Gas暗能量模型以及一般形式下帶塵埃的Chaplygin Gas暗能量模型的s-r關(guān)系,并給出了上述幾類暗能量模型在s-r平面上的演化行為。
[Abstract]:Astronomy has made great progress in the last century. From Einstein's general relativity and its application to cosmology, to Hubble's discovery of cosmic expansion, Gamov's theory of the Big Bang, Wilson and Penzias's discovery of cosmic microwave background radiation, and then in 1998, two supernova groups found that the universe expanded rapidly, accounting for 73% of the total energy of the universe. Based on the background knowledge of cosmic accelerated expansion, dark energy and IA type supernova, this paper mainly introduces some classical dynamic dark energy models, such as cosmological constant model, holographic dark energy model and Quintessence,Phantom,Quintom,Tachyon,Chaplygin Gas, and qualitatively analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of these models. Although the cosmological constant model is simple and clear in form and in good agreement with the observed facts, it still has two problems: fine adjustment problem and coincidence problem. The equation of state of the Quintessence dark energy model is not as constant as the cosmological constant model, and it is variable in the (- 1, 1) range. There is no coincidence problem in this model. Phantom dark energy model is similar to Quintessence, but it solves the problem that dark energy equation of state may cross-1, which can lead to large tear of the universe. Quintom dark energy model is a synthesis of Quintessence and Phantom, and it has some properties of two kinds of models at the same time. Holographic dark energy is a dark energy model based on the holographic principle of quantum mechanics. Its equation of state has only one parameter c, which can be changed near-1. Because of the variety of dark energy models, we urgently need to find a method to analyze and identify these models. StateFinder is such a method. The basic idea of StateFinder is to compare the distance between the dark energy model and the fixed point {0, 1}, that is, 螖 CDM model, by introducing the Statefinder parameter pair {r, s 鈮，

本文編號(hào)：2504834