CCD型X射線探測(cè)器性能研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-04-03 08:19
【摘要】：地球大氣對(duì)天體的高能射線有強(qiáng)烈的吸收作用,所以相應(yīng)的觀測(cè)必須在大氣層外進(jìn)行,為此人類發(fā)展了高空氣球、探空火箭和衛(wèi)星等觀測(cè)手段。1970年美國(guó)發(fā)射的第一顆X射線天文衛(wèi)星"Uhuru"對(duì)高能天體輻射進(jìn)行觀測(cè),開創(chuàng)了空間高能天文的新領(lǐng)域。利用探索宇宙新窗口尋求物理科學(xué)的突破是二十一世紀(jì)自然科學(xué)的一個(gè)重要前沿,國(guó)際上以研究宇宙大尺度結(jié)構(gòu)的特性和早期宇宙、黑洞的形成和演化為出發(fā)點(diǎn),展開了新空間天文探測(cè)設(shè)備的研制熱潮。硬X射線比普通X射線的能量更高,具有更強(qiáng)的穿透能力,是研究早期宇宙和黑洞性質(zhì)的關(guān)鍵能段。目前,美國(guó)的SWIFT衛(wèi)星和歐洲的INTEGRAL衛(wèi)星已對(duì)全天或者部分天區(qū)進(jìn)行了硬X射線巡天成像觀測(cè),但是這兩個(gè)儀器的本底強(qiáng)、靈敏度不夠高,需要更好的X射線巡天觀測(cè)。 硬X射線調(diào)制望遠(yuǎn)鏡(HXMT)衛(wèi)星應(yīng)用我們科學(xué)家發(fā)展的直接調(diào)制解調(diào)方法,將實(shí)現(xiàn)寬波段X射線(1-250keV)巡天成像,其中20-250keV的巡天觀測(cè)具有世界最高的靈敏度和空間分辨率。HXMT巡天將發(fā)現(xiàn)大批超大質(zhì)量黑洞和其他高能天體,研究宇宙硬X射線背景輻射的性質(zhì)；另外,HXMT具有較好的時(shí)間響應(yīng),可以觀測(cè)黑洞雙星等天體的硬X射線快速光變,用于研究黑洞附近強(qiáng)引力場(chǎng)中的物質(zhì)的動(dòng)力學(xué)、粒子加速和輻射過程。HXMT還將引導(dǎo)我國(guó)地面天文設(shè)備對(duì)高能天文開展多波段聯(lián)合觀測(cè),實(shí)現(xiàn)地面中小型望遠(yuǎn)鏡在天體物理前沿的一流觀測(cè)。 低能X射線望遠(yuǎn)鏡(Low Energy X-ray Telescope; LE)是HXMT衛(wèi)星有效載荷的分系統(tǒng),其基本功能是在軟X射線(1.0-15keV)能段探配合高能X射線望遠(yuǎn)鏡進(jìn)行巡天及定點(diǎn)觀測(cè)。很多天體如X射線雙星、活動(dòng)星系核、超新星遺跡、星系團(tuán)等發(fā)射的熱譜主要集中在軟X射線能段,而冪率譜(如同步輻射譜)在軟X射線能段的輻射也比較強(qiáng),很多組成天體的重要元素(如Mg、Si、 Ca、Fe)的X射線熒光輻射都集中在這一能段,銀河系及天體自身的中性氫吸收也主要靠這一能段來測(cè)量。工作在軟X射線能段的LE,因其具有目前相同能段國(guó)際最大面積的探測(cè)器陣列,同時(shí)擁有高能量分辨,對(duì)研究HXMT觀測(cè)天體的輻射機(jī)制、溫度、組成元素、輻射區(qū)域的結(jié)構(gòu)等方面都有其它能段不可替代的重要作用。 本文對(duì)低能X射線望遠(yuǎn)鏡的探測(cè)器CCD236的性能進(jìn)行了比較詳盡的研究,主要包括質(zhì)子輻照、帶電粒子響應(yīng)、能量線性、能量分辨、溫度特性、性能一致性等。為低能X射線望遠(yuǎn)鏡的地面標(biāo)定任務(wù)摸索試驗(yàn)流程,為以后的鑒定件、正樣件的標(biāo)定工作奠定基礎(chǔ)。
[Abstract]:The Earth's atmosphere has a strong absorption effect on the high-energy rays of celestial bodies, so the corresponding observations must be carried out outside the atmosphere. For this reason, human beings have developed high-altitude balloons. In 1970, the first X-ray astronomical satellite "Uhuru" launched by the United States observed the radiation of high-energy celestial bodies, which opened up a new field of space-based high-energy astronomy. It is an important frontier of natural science in the 21 century to search for a breakthrough in physical science by using the new window of exploration of the universe. The international starting point is to study the characteristics of the large-scale structure of the universe and the early universe and the formation and evolution of black holes. The development of new space astronomical detection equipment has been carried out. The hard X-ray has higher energy and stronger penetrating ability than the ordinary X-ray, which is the key energy segment to study the properties of the early universe and black hole. At present, the SWIFT satellite in the United States and the INTEGRAL satellite in Europe have carried out hard X-ray survey imaging observations in the whole or part of the sky region. However, the background of the two instruments is strong and the sensitivity is not high enough, so they need better X-ray survey observations. Using the direct modulation and demodulation method developed by our scientists, the hard X-ray Modulation Telescope (HXMT) satellite will achieve wide-band X-ray (1-250keV) survey imaging. 20-250keV will find a large number of supermassive black holes and other high-energy objects to study the properties of cosmic hard X-ray background radiation. In addition, HXMT has a good time response and can be used to study the dynamics of matter in the strong gravitational field near the black hole by observing the hard X-ray fast optical variation of the binary objects in the black hole. HXMT will also guide the ground astronomical equipment to carry out multi-band joint observation of high-energy astronomy and realize the first-class observation of ground-based small and medium-sized telescopes at the front of astrophysics. The low-energy X-ray telescope (Low Energy X-ray Telescope; LE) is a subsystem of the payload of HXMT satellite. Its basic function is to survey the sky and observe the site in soft X-ray (1.0-15keV) and high-energy X-ray telescopes. The thermal spectra of many celestial bodies, such as X-ray binaries, active galactic nuclei, supernova remnants, and galactic clusters, are mainly concentrated in the soft X-ray energy region, and the radiation of power-law spectra (such as synchrotron radiation spectra) is also stronger in the soft X-ray energy region. The X-ray fluorescence (XRF) radiation of many important elements (such as Mg,Si, Ca,Fe) of celestial bodies is concentrated in this energy region, and the neutral hydrogen absorption of the Milky way and the celestial body itself is also measured by this energy band. The LE, operating in the soft X-ray energy region has the largest array of detectors in the world with the same energy range at present, and also has high energy resolution to study the radiation mechanism, temperature and composition elements of the objects observed by HXMT. The structure of radiation region plays an irreplaceable role in other energy segments. In this paper, the performance of low energy X-ray telescope detector CCD236 is studied in detail, including proton irradiation, charged particle response, energy linearity, energy resolution, temperature characteristics, performance consistency and so on. For the low energy X-ray telescope ground calibration mission to explore the experimental process, for the future identification, sample calibration work laid a foundation.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：P172
[Abstract]:The Earth's atmosphere has a strong absorption effect on the high-energy rays of celestial bodies, so the corresponding observations must be carried out outside the atmosphere. For this reason, human beings have developed high-altitude balloons. In 1970, the first X-ray astronomical satellite "Uhuru" launched by the United States observed the radiation of high-energy celestial bodies, which opened up a new field of space-based high-energy astronomy. It is an important frontier of natural science in the 21 century to search for a breakthrough in physical science by using the new window of exploration of the universe. The international starting point is to study the characteristics of the large-scale structure of the universe and the early universe and the formation and evolution of black holes. The development of new space astronomical detection equipment has been carried out. The hard X-ray has higher energy and stronger penetrating ability than the ordinary X-ray, which is the key energy segment to study the properties of the early universe and black hole. At present, the SWIFT satellite in the United States and the INTEGRAL satellite in Europe have carried out hard X-ray survey imaging observations in the whole or part of the sky region. However, the background of the two instruments is strong and the sensitivity is not high enough, so they need better X-ray survey observations. Using the direct modulation and demodulation method developed by our scientists, the hard X-ray Modulation Telescope (HXMT) satellite will achieve wide-band X-ray (1-250keV) survey imaging. 20-250keV will find a large number of supermassive black holes and other high-energy objects to study the properties of cosmic hard X-ray background radiation. In addition, HXMT has a good time response and can be used to study the dynamics of matter in the strong gravitational field near the black hole by observing the hard X-ray fast optical variation of the binary objects in the black hole. HXMT will also guide the ground astronomical equipment to carry out multi-band joint observation of high-energy astronomy and realize the first-class observation of ground-based small and medium-sized telescopes at the front of astrophysics. The low-energy X-ray telescope (Low Energy X-ray Telescope; LE) is a subsystem of the payload of HXMT satellite. Its basic function is to survey the sky and observe the site in soft X-ray (1.0-15keV) and high-energy X-ray telescopes. The thermal spectra of many celestial bodies, such as X-ray binaries, active galactic nuclei, supernova remnants, and galactic clusters, are mainly concentrated in the soft X-ray energy region, and the radiation of power-law spectra (such as synchrotron radiation spectra) is also stronger in the soft X-ray energy region. The X-ray fluorescence (XRF) radiation of many important elements (such as Mg,Si, Ca,Fe) of celestial bodies is concentrated in this energy region, and the neutral hydrogen absorption of the Milky way and the celestial body itself is also measured by this energy band. The LE, operating in the soft X-ray energy region has the largest array of detectors in the world with the same energy range at present, and also has high energy resolution to study the radiation mechanism, temperature and composition elements of the objects observed by HXMT. The structure of radiation region plays an irreplaceable role in other energy segments. In this paper, the performance of low energy X-ray telescope detector CCD236 is studied in detail, including proton irradiation, charged particle response, energy linearity, energy resolution, temperature characteristics, performance consistency and so on. For the low energy X-ray telescope ground calibration mission to explore the experimental process, for the future identification, sample calibration work laid a foundation.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：P172
【參考文獻(xiàn)】
相關(guān)期刊論文 前3條
1 高昶;張洋洋;洪國(guó)同;楊彥佶;;低能同步輻射CCD冷卻系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)與實(shí)驗(yàn)研究[J];低溫工程;2013年05期
2 王于仨;楊彥佶;陳勇;劉曉艷;崔葦葦;徐玉朋;李成奎;李茂順;韓大煒;陳田祥;霍嘉;王娟;李煒;胡渭;張藝;陸波;尹國(guó)和;朱s，
本文編號(hào)：2453062
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