大口徑望遠鏡軸系的抖動測量
發(fā)布時間：2019-01-28 10:54
【摘要】：隨著太空探索的深入，大口徑望遠鏡的跟蹤精度要求越來越高。望遠鏡系統(tǒng)的抖動會引起視軸偏差，影響跟蹤精度，造成成像模糊。為了達到高精度跟蹤，降低系統(tǒng)本身誤差，需要對系統(tǒng)的抖動進行測量評估。 首先描述了抖動測量的需求分析，并據(jù)此設計系統(tǒng)的總體方案，包括測量工具的選擇，數(shù)據(jù)采集系統(tǒng)核心控制器的選擇等。詳細介紹了測量工具——線性加速度計的測量原理及規(guī)格參數(shù)，并介紹了數(shù)據(jù)采集系統(tǒng)的功能，經分析比較選擇DSP作為采集系統(tǒng)的核心控制器，輔以CPLD完成數(shù)據(jù)采集任務。 其次詳細闡述了數(shù)據(jù)采集系統(tǒng)的硬件設計和軟件設計。硬件電路設計分為加速度計輸出信號調理電路設計和數(shù)據(jù)采集電路設計，給出了各功能模塊的電路原理圖，并敘述其工作原理。軟件設計包括DSP主程序設計和CPLD程序設計，給出主要任務功能模塊的程序設計。對設計的CPLD程序進行了仿真，得到的時序能夠符合要求，并對整個系統(tǒng)進行調試，結果表明設計的數(shù)據(jù)采集系統(tǒng)能夠完成抖動數(shù)據(jù)的采集任務。 再次研究了數(shù)字信號處理技術在抖動數(shù)據(jù)處理中的應用。詳細分析了小波去噪技術的原理，，并對算法進行了仿真驗證。詳細介紹了將時域信號轉為頻域信號分析的功率譜估計方法，并對不同的功率譜估計方法進行了仿真比較。 最后在小轉臺和1.23米望遠鏡平臺上搭建了抖動測量系統(tǒng)，完成實驗。實驗結果表明，1.23米望遠鏡軸系的位置抖動能夠保持在0.4角秒以下，小轉臺軸系的抖動比較大，實驗驗證了提出的大口徑望遠鏡抖動測量方案的可行性。根據(jù)加速度的測量方法，提出在直流電機控制系統(tǒng)中加入加速度負反饋，來抑制抖動等干擾。仿真結果表明，加入加速度反饋能夠提高系統(tǒng)對干擾的抑制能力。
[Abstract]:With the development of space exploration, the tracking accuracy of large-aperture telescope is higher and higher. The jitter of the telescope system will cause the deviation of the axis of view, affect the tracking accuracy and make the imaging blurred. In order to achieve high precision tracking and reduce the system error, it is necessary to measure and evaluate the system jitter. Firstly, the requirement analysis of jitter measurement is described, and the overall scheme of the system is designed, including the selection of measuring tools and the selection of the core controller of the data acquisition system. The measuring principle and specification parameters of linear accelerometer, a measuring tool, are introduced in detail, and the function of data acquisition system is introduced. DSP is chosen as the core controller of the acquisition system through analysis and comparison, and CPLD is used to complete the data acquisition task. Secondly, the hardware design and software design of the data acquisition system are described in detail. Hardware circuit design is divided into accelerometer output signal conditioning circuit design and data acquisition circuit design. The circuit schematic diagram of each functional module is given and its working principle is described. The software design includes DSP main program design and CPLD program design. The simulation of the designed CPLD program shows that the timing can meet the requirements and the whole system is debugged. The results show that the designed data acquisition system can complete the task of collecting jitter data. The application of digital signal processing technology in jitter data processing is studied again. The principle of wavelet denoising is analyzed in detail, and the algorithm is verified by simulation. In this paper, the power spectrum estimation method which converts time domain signal into frequency domain signal analysis is introduced in detail, and different power spectrum estimation methods are simulated and compared. Finally, the jitter measurement system is built on the small turntable and 1.23 m telescope platform, and the experiment is completed. The experimental results show that the position jitter of the 1.23m telescope shafting system can be kept below 0.4 angle seconds, and that of the small turntable shafting system is relatively large. The feasibility of the proposed method is verified by experiments. According to the measurement method of acceleration, the acceleration negative feedback is added to the DC motor control system to suppress the disturbance such as jitter. The simulation results show that adding acceleration feedback can improve the interference suppression ability of the system.
【學位授予單位】：中國科學院研究生院(長春光學精密機械與物理研究所)
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：TH751
本文編號：2416994
[Abstract]:With the development of space exploration, the tracking accuracy of large-aperture telescope is higher and higher. The jitter of the telescope system will cause the deviation of the axis of view, affect the tracking accuracy and make the imaging blurred. In order to achieve high precision tracking and reduce the system error, it is necessary to measure and evaluate the system jitter. Firstly, the requirement analysis of jitter measurement is described, and the overall scheme of the system is designed, including the selection of measuring tools and the selection of the core controller of the data acquisition system. The measuring principle and specification parameters of linear accelerometer, a measuring tool, are introduced in detail, and the function of data acquisition system is introduced. DSP is chosen as the core controller of the acquisition system through analysis and comparison, and CPLD is used to complete the data acquisition task. Secondly, the hardware design and software design of the data acquisition system are described in detail. Hardware circuit design is divided into accelerometer output signal conditioning circuit design and data acquisition circuit design. The circuit schematic diagram of each functional module is given and its working principle is described. The software design includes DSP main program design and CPLD program design. The simulation of the designed CPLD program shows that the timing can meet the requirements and the whole system is debugged. The results show that the designed data acquisition system can complete the task of collecting jitter data. The application of digital signal processing technology in jitter data processing is studied again. The principle of wavelet denoising is analyzed in detail, and the algorithm is verified by simulation. In this paper, the power spectrum estimation method which converts time domain signal into frequency domain signal analysis is introduced in detail, and different power spectrum estimation methods are simulated and compared. Finally, the jitter measurement system is built on the small turntable and 1.23 m telescope platform, and the experiment is completed. The experimental results show that the position jitter of the 1.23m telescope shafting system can be kept below 0.4 angle seconds, and that of the small turntable shafting system is relatively large. The feasibility of the proposed method is verified by experiments. According to the measurement method of acceleration, the acceleration negative feedback is added to the DC motor control system to suppress the disturbance such as jitter. The simulation results show that adding acceleration feedback can improve the interference suppression ability of the system.
【學位授予單位】：中國科學院研究生院(長春光學精密機械與物理研究所)
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：TH751
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