【摘要】：日全食是一種罕見的天文現(xiàn)象。日全食之所以受重視，更主要的原因是它的天文觀測(cè)價(jià)值巨大。太陽和地球有著極為密切的關(guān)系，日食可以為研究太陽和地球的關(guān)系提供良好的機(jī)會(huì)。近幾年連續(xù)發(fā)生了多次日全食現(xiàn)象，為我們對(duì)日全食現(xiàn)象的研究提供了很好的機(jī)會(huì)。但是，由于日全食出現(xiàn)的不規(guī)律性及觀測(cè)儀器的限制，對(duì)其研究的進(jìn)展緩慢。早期人們?cè)酶悼茢[在日全食期間進(jìn)行觀測(cè)并發(fā)現(xiàn)其擺動(dòng)角度有所變化，后來用精度較高的重力儀發(fā)現(xiàn)日全食期間出現(xiàn)“重力谷”現(xiàn)象。本研究在此背景下進(jìn)行探索，探究日全食期間的重力變化。 本論文主要開展以下工作： 1、介紹重力測(cè)量方法與重力儀器，重點(diǎn)關(guān)注本次研究所用到的超導(dǎo)重力儀及Gphone重力儀。 2、簡(jiǎn)述重力固體潮基礎(chǔ)理論，引潮力及引潮力位。 3、著重介紹重力數(shù)據(jù)預(yù)處理及固體潮改正方法。研究氣壓對(duì)重力觀測(cè)影響的改正。利用氣壓導(dǎo)納值法扣除重力氣壓效應(yīng)，并用日全食期間超導(dǎo)重力儀數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行實(shí)例分析。實(shí)驗(yàn)表明，雖然氣壓對(duì)重力影響較小，通常只有1-2個(gè)微伽，但超導(dǎo)重力儀重力殘差數(shù)據(jù)顯示其與氣壓變化有顯著的相關(guān)性，有利于利用氣壓變化時(shí)間序列直接改正氣壓對(duì)超導(dǎo)重力儀觀測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)的影響。 4、利用前面介紹的理論及改正方法處理2009年7月22日日全食期間的重力觀測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)，分析實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果，，探索日全食重力效應(yīng)。 數(shù)據(jù)處理具體思路為：首先，對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行重力固體潮改正，利用調(diào)和分析法確定固體潮潮汐因子，再根據(jù)合成潮汐法扣除重力固體潮影響。然后采用氣壓導(dǎo)納值法對(duì)重力殘差數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行氣壓改正。再根據(jù)以往觀測(cè)到的“重力谷“時(shí)間范圍確定截止頻率，對(duì)殘差數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行通帶濾波，進(jìn)一步去除重力固體潮以及背景噪聲的影響，以便分離出重力異常信號(hào)。 從2009年日全食重力觀測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)的處理結(jié)果得出：未發(fā)現(xiàn)此次日全食期間有幅度較大的“重力谷”或者明顯重力異常存在。
[Abstract]:Total solar eclipse is a rare astronomical phenomenon. The more important reason for the total solar eclipse is its astronomical value. Solar eclipse provides a good opportunity to study the relationship between the sun and the earth. In recent years, there have been many total eclipses, which provides us with a good opportunity to study the total solar eclipse. However, due to the irregularity of total solar eclipse and the limitation of observational instruments, the progress of its research is slow. In the early period, the Fourier pendulum was used to observe the total solar eclipse and its swing angle was found to be changed. Later, the phenomenon of "gravity valley" appeared during the total solar eclipse by using a high precision gravimeter. In this context, this study explores the gravity changes during the total solar eclipse. The main work of this thesis is as follows: 1. The gravity measurement method and the gravity instrument are introduced, and the superconducting gravimeter and Gphone gravimeter used in this research are focused on. 2. The basic theory, tidal force and tidal potential of gravity solid tide are briefly described. 3. The preprocessing of gravity data and the correction method of solid tide are introduced emphatically. The correction of the influence of atmospheric pressure on gravity observation is studied. The effect of gravity pressure is deducted by the method of barometric admittance, and an example is analyzed with the data of superconducting gravimeter during total solar eclipse. The experiments show that although the pressure has little effect on gravity, usually there are only 1-2 microgals, the gravity residuals of the superconducting gravimeter show a significant correlation with the variation of the pressure. It is advantageous to correct the influence of pressure on the observation data of superconducting gravimeter by using the time series of atmospheric pressure change. 4. The gravity observation data during the total solar eclipse on July 22, 2009 are processed by using the theory and correction method, the experimental results are analyzed, and the gravity effect of the total solar eclipse is explored. The main ideas of data processing are as follows: first, the gravity tide is corrected, the factor of tide is determined by harmonic analysis method, and then the influence of gravity tide is deducted according to the method of composite tide. Then the barometric admittance method is used to correct the gravity residual data. The cut-off frequency is determined according to the time range of "gravity valley" observed in the past, the residual data is filtered by pass band, and the influence of gravity tide and background noise is removed further, in order to separate gravity anomaly signal. From the processing results of the total solar eclipse gravity observation data in 2009, it is concluded that there are no large "gravity valleys" or obvious gravity anomalies during the total solar eclipse.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國地震局地震研究所
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：P125.11

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